Vaccination rates and ORs for not being vaccinated by sociodemographic characteristics
| Exposure | Group | Vaccination rate | OR (model 1) | OR (model 2) | OR (model 3) |
| Age group | 70–74 | 90.9 (90.8 to 90.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 75–79 | 93.8 (93.8 to 93.9) | 0.65 (0.65 to 0.66) | 0.65 (0.65 to 0.66) | 0.66 (0.65 to 0.66) | |
| 80–84 | 95.6 (95.5 to 95.6) | 0.46 (0.46 to 0.46) | 0.46 (0.46 to 0.46) | 0.45 (0.45 to 0.46) | |
| 85–89 | 95.1 (95.0 to 95.1) | 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52) | 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52) | 0.51 (0.51 to 0.52) | |
| 90–94 | 94.0 (93.9 to 94.1) | 0.63 (0.62 to 0.64) | 0.63 (0.62 to 0.64) | 0.64 (0.63 to 0.65) | |
| 95–99 | 92.3 (92.1 to 92.5) | 0.83 (0.81 to 0.85) | 0.82 (0.80 to 0.85) | 0.82 (0.80 to 0.84) | |
| 100+ | 85.5 (84.8 to 86.1) | 1.69 (1.61 to 1.78) | 1.68 (1.60 to 1.77) | 1.60 (1.52 to 1.68) | |
| Sex | Female | 93.2 (93.2 to 93.2) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Male | 93.2 (93.2 to 93.2) | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.98 to 0.99) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.03) | |
| Disability | Not limited | 93.5 (93.5 to 93.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Limited a little | 93.4 (93.3 to 93.4) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.03) | 1.12 (1.11 to 1.13) | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.08) | |
| Limited a lot | 91.3 (91.2 to 91.3) | 1.37 (1.36 to 1.38) | 1.47 (1.46 to 1.48) | 1.29 (1.28 to 1.30) | |
| Ethnicity | White British | 94.0 (94.0 to 94.0) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Bangladeshi | 82.7 (82.0 to 83.4) | 3.26 (3.11 to 3.42) | 3.48 (3.31 to 3.65) | 2.56 (2.43 to 2.69) | |
| Black African | 67.2 (66.6 to 67.8) | 7.62 (7.40 to 7.84) | 7.59 (7.37 to 7.81) | 5.01 (4.86 to 5.16) | |
| Black Caribbean | 73.8 (73.4 to 74.2) | 5.55 (5.44 to 5.66) | 6.35 (6.22 to 6.47) | 4.85 (4.75 to 4.96) | |
| Chinese | 82.8 (82.3 to 83.4) | 3.23 (3.11 to 3.36) | 3.11 (2.99 to 3.23) | 2.64 (2.54 to 2.75) | |
| Indian | 90.9 (90.7 to 91.0) | 1.57 (1.54 to 1.60) | 1.55 (1.52 to 1.59) | 1.35 (1.32 to 1.38) | |
| Mixed | 85.3 (84.9 to 85.7) | 2.69 (2.60 to 2.79) | 2.67 (2.58 to 2.77) | 2.21 (2.14 to 2.30) | |
| Other | 82.9 (82.6 to 83.2) | 3.22 (3.15 to 3.29) | 3.12 (3.05 to 3.18) | 2.44 (2.39 to 2.50) | |
| Pakistani | 79.6 (79.2 to 80.0) | 3.99 (3.89 to 4.09) | 4.12 (4.02 to 4.22) | 3.59 (3.50 to 3.68) | |
| White other | 87.7 (87.5 to 87.8) | 2.20 (2.17 to 2.23) | 2.24 (2.21 to 2.27) | 1.93 (1.90 to 1.95) | |
| IMD quintile | 1 (most deprived) | 90.6 (90.6 to 90.7) | 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) | 1.76 (1.75 to 1.78) | 1.60 (1.59 to 1.62) |
| 2 | 92.1 (92.0 to 92.1) | 1.48 (1.46 to 1.49) | 1.47 (1.46 to 1.48) | 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35) | |
| 3 | 93.4 (93.4 to 93.5) | 1.20 (1.19 to 1.22) | 1.20 (1.19 to 1.21) | 1.17 (1.16 to 1.18) | |
| 4 | 94.0 (94.0 to 94.0) | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) | 1.09 (1.08 to 1.10) | |
| 5 (least deprived) | 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | |
| Religion | Christian | 93.8 (93.8 to 93.9) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Buddhist | 84.1 (83.5 to 84.7) | 2.88 (2.76 to 3.01) | 2.63 (2.52 to 2.74) | 2.03 (1.95 to 2.12) | |
| Hindu | 91.5 (91.2 to 91.7) | 1.43 (1.39 to 1.47) | 1.39 (1.35 to 1.43) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | |
| Jewish | 93.1 (92.8 to 93.3) | 1.13 (1.09 to 1.18) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17) | 0.94 (0.90 to 0.97) | |
| Muslim | 79.1 (78.9 to 79.4) | 4.02 (3.95 to 4.09) | 4.04 (3.97 to 4.11) | 2.74 (2.69 to 2.79) | |
| No religion | 91.9 (91.9 to 92.0) | 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35) | 1.25 (1.23 to 1.26) | 1.23 (1.22 to 1.24) | |
| Other religion | 85.4 (84.9 to 85.8) | 2.61 (2.51 to 2.71) | 2.41 (2.32 to 2.50) | 2.15 (2.07 to 2.23) | |
| Religion not stated | 91.5 (91.4 to 91.6) | 1.42 (1.41 to 1.44) | 1.40 (1.38 to 1.41) | 1.35 (1.33 to 1.36) | |
| Sikh | 91.6 (91.3 to 91.9) | 1.39 (1.34 to 1.45) | 1.35 (1.30 to 1.41) | 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) | |
| Household tenure | Owned | 94.0 (93.9 to 94.0) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Other | 91.1 (90.9 to 91.2) | 1.52 (1.49 to 1.55) | 1.55 (1.52 to 1.58) | 1.49 (1.46 to 1.52) | |
| Private rented | 88.4 (88.2 to 88.5) | 2.05 (2.02 to 2.07) | 1.96 (1.94 to 1.99) | 1.81 (1.79 to 1.83) | |
| Social rented | 89.9 (89.8 to 89.9) | 1.75 (1.73 to 1.76) | 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) | 1.60 (1.59 to 1.61) | |
| Rural–urban | Rural | 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Urban | 92.8 (92.8 to 92.8) | 1.33 (1.32 to 1.34) | 1.34 (1.33 to 1.35) | 1.12 (1.12 to 1.13) | |
| Household composition | 2 elderly | 94.5 (94.4 to 94.5) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| 1 elderly | 92.5 (92.5 to 92.6) | 1.38 (1.37 to 1.39) | 1.53 (1.52 to 1.54) | 1.32 (1.31 to 1.33) | |
| Care home | 94.9 (94.8 to 95.0) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) | 1.10 (1.06 to 1.13) | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.91) | |
| Multigenerational | 90.3 (90.3 to 90.4) | 1.83 (1.82 to 1.85) | 1.77 (1.76 to 1.79) | 1.39 (1.38 to 1.40) | |
| Other (3+ adults) | 90.0 (89.6 to 90.3) | 1.91 (1.84 to 1.97) | 1.81 (1.75 to 1.88) | 1.54 (1.49 to 1.60) |
Adults aged 70 years or over, living in England, alive on 15 March 2021. Model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted for sex and age (cubic splines); model 3: adjusted for sex, age (cubic splines), care home status, rural/urban, region, ethnicity (except when looking at religion as an exposure), IMD quintile (except when looking at household tenure as an exposure), disability, BMI and comorbidities. See table 1 for more details on the variables included in the models.
BMI, body mass index; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.