Picc insertion factors and risk of thrombosis
| Characteristic | Venous thrombosis | Univariate analysis | |||||
| No (n=2399) | Yes (n=39) | Total (n=2438) | |||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | RR | 95% CI | Sig* | ||
| Arm | Left | 491 (97.61) | 12 (2.39) | 503 (100) | 1.71 | 0.871 to 3.347 | 0.119 |
| Right | 1906 (98.60) | 27 (1.40) | 1933 (100) | 1.00 | |||
| Total | 2397 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2436 (100) | ||||
| Vein | Basilic | 1861 (98.52) | 28 (1.48) | 1889 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| Brachial | 403 (97.58) | 10 (2.42) | 413 (100) | 1.63 | 0.800 to 3.336 | 0.178 | |
| Cephalic | 130 (99.24) | 1 (0.76) | 131 (100) | 0.51 | 0.071 to 3.755 | 0.513 | |
| Total | 2394 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2433 (100) | ||||
| Needling attempts | 1 | 2029 (98.50) | 31 (1.50) | 2060 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| 2 | 203 (98.54) | 3 (1.46) | 206 (100) | 0.97 | 0.298 to 3.138 | 0.956 | |
| 3+ | 65 (100) | 0 (0) | 65 (100) | ||||
| Total | 2297 (98.54) | 34 (1.46) | 2331 (100) | ||||
| Catheter size (Fr) and lumen | 4 (Single lumen) | 1251 (98.82) | 15 (1.18) | 1266 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| 5 (Double lumen) | 1136 (97.93) | 24 (2.07) | 1160 (100) | 1.75 | 0 .920 to 3.312 | 0.088 | |
| 6 (Triple lumen) | 12 (100) | 0 (0) | 12 (100) | – | – | – | |
| Total | 2399 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2438 (100) | ||||
| Tip confirmation method | CXR | 101 (98.06) | 2 (1.94) | 103 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| ECG | 1480 (98.40) | 24 (1.60) | 1504 (100) | 0.82 | 0.197 to 3.429 | 0.788 | |
| Both | 817 (98.43) | 13 (1.57) | 830 (100) | 0.98 | 0.185 to 3.524 | 0.775 | |
| Total | 2398 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2437 (100) | ||||
| Securement device | Adhesive | 895 (98.35) | 15 (1.65) | 910 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| Subcutaneous | 521 (97.75) | 12 (2.25) | 533 (100) | 1.37 | 0.644 to 2.895 | 0.416 | |
| Combination | 977 (98.79) | 12 (1.21) | 989 (100) | 0.73 | 0.346 to 1.564 | 0.426 | |
| Other† | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 5 (100) | – | – | – | |
| Total | 2398 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2437 (100) | ||||
| Staff years of experience | 0 | 40 (100) | 0 (0) | 40 (100) | 1.00 | ||
| 1–2 | 898 (98.25) | 16 (1.75) | 914 (100) | 1.58 | 0.530 to 4.680 | 0.413 | |
| 3–5 | 1103 (98.31) | 19 (1.69) | 1122 (100) | 1.52 | 0.522 to 4.450 | 0.441 | |
| 6+ | 356 (98.89) | 4 (1.11) | 360 (100) | – | – | – | |
| Total | 2397 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2436 (100) | ||||
| Infusion‡ | |||||||
| Antibiotics/Antivirals | 976 (99.29) | 7 (0.71) | 983 (100) | 1.00 | |||
| Chemotherapy | 1011 (97.31) | 28 (2.69) | 1039 (100) | 3.78 | 1.660 to 8.623 | 0.002 | |
| Blood products | 29 (100) | 0 (0) | 29 (100) | – | – | – | |
| TPN | 216 (99.08) | 2 (0.92) | 218 (100) | 1.28 | 0.269 to 6.159 | 0.751 | |
| Other§ | 167 (98.82) | 2 (1.18) | 169 (100) | 1.66 | 0.348 to 7.932 | 0.524 | |
| Total | 2399 (98.40) | 39 (1.60) | 2438 (100) | ||||
*Based on log binomial generalised linear model.
†Suture or glue.
‡As per treatment request, participants often had more than one listed, coded as chemotherapy if this was included in list.
§Intravenous therapy, electrolytes, difficult access, frequent blood draws.
CXR, chest X-ray; PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter; RR, relative risk; TPN, total parenteral nutrition.