Table 1

Studies including self-collection of anal swabs with home-sampling return rates and/or specimen adequacy

Study	Population	HIV status	Target infection	Outcome	Collection venue	Percent returning swab from home	Adequacy
Study	Population	HIV status	Target infection	Outcome	Collection venue	Percent returning swab from home	DNA cytology
Cranston et al20	SMM	HIV+/–	HPV	Cytology	Home	~80%*	n/a	9/102 (91.2%)
Lampinen et al60	SMM	HIV+/–	HPV	Cytology	Clinic	n/a	n/a	185/222 (83.3%)
Chin-Hong et al21	SMM	HIV+/–	HPV	DNA, cytology	Home	125/125 (100%)†	n/r	(80%)
Gilbert et al13	SMM	HIV+/–	HPV	DNA, cytology	Community venue/clinic	n/a	159/239 (66.5%)	149/239 (62.3%)
Shiramizu et al61	Men & women	HIV+	HPV	DNA, cytology	Clinic	n/a	46/46 (100%)	n/r
Ortiz et al62	Women	HIV–	HPV	DNA	Clinic	n/a	97/100 (97%)	n/a
Ladd et al63	Women	n/r	CT, GC, TV	DNA/RNA	Home	208/406 (51.2%)	n/r	n/a
Fisher et al22	SMM	HIV+/–	CT, GC	DNA/RNA	Home	Overall: 202/433 (46.7%);‡ GUM clinic: 62/80 (77.5%); HIV clinic: 131/295 (44.4%); CBO: 9/58 (15.5%)	n/r	n/a
Barbee et al64	SMM	HIV+	CT, GC	DNA/RNA	Clinic	n/a	2/272 (0.7%)	n/a
McNeil et al65	Women	HIV+	HPV	DNA, cytology	Clinic	n/a	27/30 (90.0%)	26/30 (87%)
Mustanski et al66	SMM	HIV–	CT, GC	DNA/RNA	Clinic or home	995/1113 (89.4%)§	n/r	n/a
Dize et al67	Women & men	n/r	CT, GC	DNA	Home	n/r	401/448 (89.5%)	n/a
Yared et al68	SMM	HIV–	HPV	DNA	Clinic	n/a	84/90 (93.3%)	n/a

*Denominator and/or numerator not reported.
†Swab returned with clinical visit.
‡Return rate differed by initial enrollment site: GUM clinic, HIV clinic or CBO.
§Numerator may include anal swabs collected in clinic rather than at home.
CBO, community-based organisation; CT, Chlamydia trachomatis; GC, Neisseria gonorrhea; GUM, genitourinary medicine; HPV, human papillomavirus; n/a, not applicable; n/r, not reported; SMM, sexual minority men; TV, Trichomonas vaginalis.