NCD risk factors in adolescents of 15–17 years, (percentage) and (mean) with 95% CI
| Parameter | Urban | Rural | Boys | Girls | Overall |
| Tobacco use (%) | |||||
| Ever use/experimented any form of tobacco | 5.6 (3.6 to 8.8) | 7.7 (5.5 to 1.06) | 11.9 (9.0 to 15.6) | 1.7 (0.6 to 4.3) | 7.0 (5.4 to 9.1) |
| Current daily use* | |||||
| Any form of tobacco | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.5) | 3.6 (2.3 to 5.8) | 5.5 (3.5 to 8.6) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.3) | 3.1 (2.0 to 4.7) |
| Smoked tobacco | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.6) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.3) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.5) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.2) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.9) |
| Smokeless tobacco | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.5) | 3.4 (2.1 to 5.6) | 5.2 (3.3 to 8.2) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.3) | 2.9 (1.9 to 4.5) |
| Both smoked and smokeless tobacco | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.7) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.8) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.6) | 0.2 (0.0 to 1.2) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) |
| Thoughts about harm from secondhand tobacco smoke | |||||
| Thought that inhaling smoke from other people’s tobacco smoking can cause harm | 86.9 (82.3 to 90.4) | 84.4 (80.1 to 88.0) | 86.6 (82.1 to 90.2) | 83.6 (79.3 to 87.2) | 85.2 (82.0 to 88.0) |
| Alcohol use (%) | |||||
| Ever consumed | 3.2 (1.5 to 6.6) | 3.6 (2.1 to 6.1) | 5.4 (3.3 to 8.6) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.1) | 3.5 (2.2 to 5.4) |
| Consumed in last 12 months | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.6) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.8) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.4) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.0) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) |
| Consumed in last 30 days | 0.9 (0.3 to 2.5) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.0) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.0) | 0.5 (0.2 to 12.0) |
| Binge drinking† | 0.2 (0.02 to 0.6) | 0.1 (0.01 to 0.6) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.7) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.1 (0.03 to 0.4) |
| Dietary behaviours | |||||
| Usually consumed any of the food items at least once a week | |||||
| Fried items | 52.9 (46.1 to 59.6) | 47.6 (42.6 to 52.6) | 55.3 (49.9 to 60.5) | 42.7 (37.7 to 47.9) | 49.3 (45.2 to 53.3) |
| Chips/namkeen | 58.3 (52.4 to 63.9) | 49.2 (44.1 to 54.3) | 49.9 (44.1 to 55.7) | 54.4 (49.5 to 59.1) | 52.1 (48.1 to 56) |
| Pizza/burger | 10.1 (6.0 to 16.5) | 4.7 (3.3 to 6.8) | 7.3 (5.0 to 10.4) | 5.5 (3.4 to 8.7) | 6.4 (4.7 to 8.8) |
| Instant noodles | 31.8 (24.9 to 39.7) | 13.1 (10.1 to 16.7) | 16.1 (12.6 to 20.3) | 22.1 (17.4 to 27.7) | 19.0 (15.7 to 22.7) |
| Cold aerated drinks | 23.2 (18.3 to 28.9) | 15.9 (12.6 to 19.9) | 24.5 (20.4 to 29.1) | 11.4 (8.3 to 15.4) | 18.2 (15.4 to 21.5) |
| Fresh fruits/fresh juices | 49.0 (42.4 to 55.5) | 27.0 (22.3 to 32.3) | 37.2 (31.8 to 43) | 30.3 (25.6 to 35.5) | 33.9 (30.0 to 38.1) |
| Energy drinks | 11.6 (7.4 to 17.7) | 4.2 (2.1 to 8.2) | 6.6 (3.8 to 11.3) | 6.4 (3.9 to 10.4) | 6.5 (4.4 to 9.6) |
| Breakfast-related information | |||||
| Skipping breakfast on all 30 days (%) | 4.6 (1.8 to 11.4) | 3.7 (2.2 to 6.0) | 3.8 (1.9 to 7.3) | 4.1 (2.6 to 6.5) | 4.0 (2.5 to 6.3) |
| Skipping breakfast on any 1 day in last 30 days (%) | 48.7 (42.3 to 55.1) | 48.1 (43.3 to 52.9) | 45.8 (40.6 to 51.2) | 50.9 (45.8 to 56.1) | 48.3 (44.4 to 52.2) |
| Number of days breakfast was skipped in a month (mean) | 9.5 (7.2 to 11.8) | 9.7 (8.1 to 11.2) | 9.2 (7.4 to 11.0) | 10.0 (8.6 to 11.3) | 9.6 (8.3 to 10.9) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Insufficient physical activity‡ (%) | 38.0 (31.9 to 44.4) | 19.3 (16.2 to 22.9) | 21.5 (17.3 to 26.3) | 29.3 (25.1 to 33.9) | 25.2 (22.2 to 28.5) |
| Minutes being sedentary in a day (mean) | 361.4 (314.9 to 407.9) | 331.2 (297.2 to 365.2) | 331.1 (298.5 to 363.7) | 351.2 (318.8 to 383.7) | 340.7 (313.2 to 368.2) |
| Doing physical activity in school/college (%) | 68.0 (60.1 to 75.0) | 62.3 (56.4 to 67.8) | 69.1 (63.3 to 74.3) | 58.2 (52.1 to 63.9) | 64.3 (59.6 to 68.7) |
| Minutes spent in physical activity per day at school (mean) | 18.0 (14.7 to 21.3) | 15.3 (12.8 to 17.7) | 20.0 (17.1 to 23.0) | 11.8 (9.6 to 14.0) | 16.1 (14.1 to 18.1) |
| Metabolic risk factors§ | |||||
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 19.5 (19.0 to 19.9) | 18.4 (18.2 to 18.7) | 18.5 (18.1 to 18.8) | 19.1 (18.8 to 19.4) | 18.8 (18.5 to 19.0) |
| Overweight (including obesity) (%) | 11.9 (9.0 to 15.7) | 3.6 (2.4 to 5.3) | 6.4 (4.5 to 8.9) | 6.1 (4.3 to 8.7) | 6.2 (4.9 to 7.9) |
| Obesity (%) | 3.5 (1.9 to 6.5) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.3) | 2.6 (1.4 to 4.7) | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.3) | 1.8 (1.0 to 2.9) |
*Defined as the use of any form of tobacco (smoke and/or smokeless) daily in the last 12 months preceding the survey.
†Defined as those engaged in five or more standard drinks of alcohol for boys and four or more for girls in a single drinking occasion in the past 30 days.
‡Insufficient physical activity in adolescents was percentage doing less than 60 min of moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily, which is equivalent to <1680 MET min/week and calculated as (60 min×4 MET×7 days).
§The BMI (as per WHO) was used to categorise the respondents into overweight and obesity. Overweight was ≥1 SD BMI for age and sex (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m² at 19 years) and obesity was ≥2 SD BMI for age and sex (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m² at 19 years), as per WHO.
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; NCD, non-communicable disease.