Baseline characteristics of patients
| Variables | Recompensation n=553 | GI bleeding n=1158 | Bacterial infection n=1715 | HE n=104 | Ascites n=423 | P value |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 51 (44–57) | 52 (45–62) | 55 (46–65) | 55 (46–64) | 58 (49–68) | <0.001 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 356 (64.4) | 810 (69.9) | 1135 (66.2) | 75 (72.8) | 268 (63.4) | 0.028 |
| HBV, N (%) | 228 (41.2) | 599 (51.7) | 895 (52.2) | 40 (38.8) | 193 (45.6) | <0.001 |
| HCV, N (%) | 32 (5.8) | 65 (5.6) | 74 (4.3) | 7 (6.8) | 12 (2.8) | 0.085 |
| Alcohol, N (%) | 6 (1.1) | 176 (15.2) | 304 (17.7) | 29 (28.2) | 58 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Autoimmune, N (%) | 24 (4.3) | 50 (4.3) | 141 (8.2) | 3 (2.9) | 27 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Others, N (%) | 263 (47.6) | 268 (23.1) | 301 (17.6) | 25 (24) | 133 (31.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 15 (2.7) | 192 (16.6) | 296 (17.3) | 26 (25.2) | 77 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 2 (0.4) | 98 (8.5) | 242 (14.1) | 20 (19.4) | 64 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters, median (IQR) | ||||||
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.2 (3.7–4.8) | 2.8 (2.4–3.4) | 3.6 (3.0–4.0) | 3.3 (3.0–3.7) | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 134 (117–151) | 80 (63–100) | 110 (93–125) | 106 (90–113) | 110 (92–127) | <0.001 |
| WBC (109/L) | 4.5 (3.5–5.9) | 4.8 (3.0–7.3) | 5.0 (3.3–7.6) | 4.4 (3.2–7.0) | 4.0 (2.9–5.6) | <0.001 |
| PLT (109/L) | 86 (58–131) | 67 (47–100) | 83 (53–137) | 77(48-140) | 79 (52–129) | <0.001 |
| Basophil percentage (%) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | <0.001 |
| Eosinophil percentage (%) | 2.2 (1.2–3.8) | 1.0 (0.3–2.3) | 1.2 (0.4–2.7) | 1.7 (0.8–3.6) | 1.8 (0.8–3.3) | <0.001 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 76.9 (72.8–80.7) | 59.7 (53.4–66.2) | 64.5 (58.5–71.1) | 65.9 (59.0–72.0) | 65.2 (59.7–71.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 41.0 (35.5–44.6) | 31.3 (27.4–35.4) | 30.3 (26.4–34.5) | 30.0 (27.4–35.3) | 31.8 (27.7–36.0) | <0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (µmol/l) | 8.0 (5.2–13.1) | 8.1 (4.8–14.5) | 15.4 (7.6–46.0) | 14.0 (7.6–26.1) | 11.8 (6.6–24.1) | <0.001 |
| Indirect bilirubin (µmol/l) | 11.9 (8.8–17.2) | 10.6 (7.0–17.2) | 14.1 (8.2–27.3) | 17.0 (11.2–27.0) | 12.5 (7.9–21.0) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 30.0 (22.0–46.0) | 27.0 (17.7–42.2) | 34.0 (20.0–74.0) | 31.0 (21.2–51.5) | 32.0 (18.8–57.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 39.0 (30.0–58.0) | 37.0 (26.0–59.0) | 55.0 (33.0–108.0) | 50.5 (35.0–76.0) | 52.9 (31.8–90.0) | <0.001 |
| γ-GT (U/L) | 42.0 (26.0–85.0) | 38.9 (22.0–88.0) | 71.0 (34.0–160.0) | 42.4 (22.6–114.4) | 66.0 (31.0–169.0) | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 110.0 (84.0–161.0) | 84.0 (63.0–119.0) | 121.0 (89.0–178.0) | 125.5 (90.3–176.0) | 125.0 (88.0–180.4) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 2.1 (1.5–3.0) | 4.2 (2.6–7.2) | 3.7 (2.2–6.7) | 2.7 (1.8–5.1) | 3.2 (2.1–5.0) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio | 4.1 (3.1–5.4) | 2.6 (1.7–3.9) | 2.5 (1.5–3.8) | 2.5 (1.5–3.7) | 2.7 (1.7–4.1) | <0.001 |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GI, gastrointestinal; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transferase; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; PLT, platelet count; RBC, red blood cell count; WBC, white blood cell count.