Patient characteristics overall and by Social Deprivation Index score quartile* (n=34 266)
| Overall n (%) | Quartile 1 (0–56) n (%) | Quartile 2 (57–79) n (%) | Quartile 3 (80–92) n (%) | Quartile 4 (93–100) n (%) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Latino | 16 160 (47.2) | 2523 (35.0) | 3676 (45.2) | 4368 (51.4) | 5593 (53.6) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 8571 (25.0) | 815 (11.3) | 1434 (17.6) | 2475 (29.2) | 3847 (36.9) |
| Non-Hispanic white | 9535 (27.8) | 3868 (53.7) | 3019 (37.2) | 1648 (19.4) | 1000 (9.6) |
| Age at first encounter† (years) | |||||
| 3–5 | 15 295 (44.6) | 3019 (41.9) | 3838 (47.2) | 4010 (47.2) | 4428 (42.4) |
| 6–10 | 11 000 (32.1) | 2374 (32.9) | 2578 (31.7) | 2585 (30.4) | 3463 (33.2) |
| 11–13 | 5007 (14.6) | 1179 (16.4) | 1096 (13.5) | 1178 (13.9) | 1554 (14.9) |
| 14–17 | 2964 (8.7) | 634 (8.8) | 617 (7.6) | 718 (8.5) | 995 (9.5) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 15 010 (43.8) | 3203 (44.5) | 3577 (44.0) | 3642 (42.9) | 4588 (44.0) |
| Male | 19 256 (56.2) | 4003 (55.6) | 4552 (56.0) | 4849 (57.1) | 5852 (56.1) |
| Insurance type | |||||
| Never insured | 830 (2.4) | 245 (3.4) | 224 (2.8) | 188 (2.2) | 173 (1.7) |
| Public insurance used at >1 clinic visit | 28 451 (83.0) | 5161 (71.6) | 6514 (80.1) | 7304 (86.0) | 9472 (90.7) |
| Private insurance used at >1 clinic visit | 2473 (7.2) | 1067 (14.8) | 680 (8.4) | 422 (5.0) | 304 (2.9) |
| Public and private insurance | 2512 (7.3) | 733 (10.2) | 711 (8.8) | 577 (6.8) | 491 (4.7) |
| Visits per year‡ | |||||
| <1 | 4878 (14.2) | 1122 (15.6) | 1232 (15.2) | 1147 (13.5) | 1377 (13.2) |
| 1–2 | 14 803 (43.2) | 3320 (46.1) | 3671 (45.2) | 3731 (43.9) | 4081 (39.1) |
| 3–4 | 7825 (22.8) | 1608 (22.3) | 1802 (22.2) | 2003 (23.6) | 2412 (23.1) |
| ≥5 | 6760 (19.7) | 1156 (16.0) | 1424 (17.5) | 1610 (19.0) | 2570 (24.6) |
| BMI category | |||||
| Never overweight/obese | 12 823 (37.4) | 3009 (41.8) | 2988 (36.8) | 2991 (35.2) | 3835 (36.7) |
| >1 visit with overweight/obese BMI | 9941 (29.0) | 2006 (27.8) | 2506 (30.8) | 2478 (29.2) | 2951 (28.3) |
| Always overweight/obese | 11 502 (33.6) | 2191 (30.4) | 2635 (32.4) | 3022 (35.6) | 3654 (35.0) |
| Neighbourhood change | |||||
| Yes | 15 918 (46.5) | 3236 (44.9) | 4141 (50.9) | 4220 (49.7) | 4321 (41.4) |
| No | 18 348 (53.6) | 3970 (55.1) | 3988 (49.1) | 4271 (50.3) | 6119 (58.6) |
| % federal poverty level | |||||
| Always ≥138 | 1967 (5.7) | 709 (9.8) | 614 (7.6) | 387 (4.6) | 257 (2.5) |
| Above and below 138 | 4489 (13.1) | 1201 (16.7) | 1384 (17.0) | 1132 (13.3) | 772 (7.4) |
| Always <138 | 20 955 (61.2) | 3717 (51.6) | 4595 (56.5) | 5461 (64.3) | 7182 (68.8) |
| Not documented | 6855 (20.0) | 1579 (21.9) | 1536 (18.9) | 1511 (17.8) | 2229 (21.4) |
| Smoking exposure | |||||
| Never exposed | 24 094 (70.3) | 5193 (72.1) | 5912 (72.7) | 6128 (72.2) | 6861 (65.7) |
| Ever exposed | 4964 (14.5) | 988 (13.7) | 1113 (13.7) | 1084 (12.8) | 1779 (17.0) |
| Unknown if exposed | 5208 (15.2) | 1025 (14.2) | 1104 (13.6) | 1279 (15.1) | 1800 (17.2) |
*Quartile 1 of the Social Deprivation Index score represents neighbourhoods with the least deprivation and quartile 4 represents neighbourhoods with the most deprivation.
†Children aged 3–5 are often in preschool/kindergarten, while those aged 6–10 are in elementary school. Children aged 11–13 are in middle school and those aged 14–17 are of high school age. We anticipated possible differences in experience based on age, as asthma changes over childhood, and age is also a proxy for utilisation.
‡Visits per year include all ambulatory visits.
BMI, body mass index.