Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers by district
| Variables | Frequency | |
| Dhading (n=903) | Nawalparasi (n=900) | |
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age group | ||
| Below 20 years | 114 (12.6) | 80 (8.9) |
| 20–29 years | 666 (73.8) | 720 (80.0) |
| Above 30 years | 123 (13.6) | 100 (11.1) |
| Mean age (SD) years | 24.2 (5.1) | 24.2 (4.2) |
| Education | ||
| None | 221 (24.5) | 162 (18.0) |
| Primary/lower secondary | 452 (50.1) | 437 (48.6) |
| Secondary and above | 230 (25.5) | 301 (33.4) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Bramhin/Chhetri/Terai other caste | 236 (26.1) | 528 (58.7) |
| Dalit | 113 (12.5) | 197 (21.9) |
| Janjati/other caste | 554 (61.4) | 73 (8.1) |
| Muslim | 0 (0.0) | 102 (11.3) |
| Religion | ||
| Hindu | 790 (87.5) | 786 (87.3) |
| Other | 113 (12.5) | 114 (12.7) |
| Travel time to birthing centre | ||
| Less than 15 min | 98 (10.9) | 148 (16.4) |
| 15–60 min | 481 (53.3) | 709 (78.8) |
| More than 60 min | 324 (35.9) | 43 (4.8) |
| Wealth quintiles | ||
| Lowest | 90 (10.0) | 272 (30.2) |
| Lower | 97 (10.7) | 262 (29.1) |
| Middle | 152 (16.8) | 209 (23.2) |
| Higher | 228 (25.2) | 134 (14.9) |
| Highest | 336 (37.2) | 23 (2.6) |
| Parity | ||
| One | 378 (41.9) | 278 (30.9) |
| Two | 300 (33.2) | 312 (34.7) |
| Three or more | 225 (24.9) | 310 (34.4) |
| Mothers participated in health mother’s group meeting | ||
| Yes | 208 (23.0) | 498 (55.3) |
| No | 695 (77.0) | 402 (44.7) |
| Knowledge on 4 ANC check-ups | ||
| Yes | 747 (82.7) | 501 (55.7) |
| No | 156 (17.3) | 399 (44.3) |
| Completed 4 ANC check-ups | ||
| Yes | 466 (51.6) | 320 (35.6) |
| No | 437 (48.4) | 580 (64.4) |
| Decision makers for ANC | ||
| Self | 721 (79.8) | 460 (51.1) |
| MIL | 129 (14.3) | 116 (12.9) |
| Husband | 8 (0.9) | 131 (14.6) |
| Other family members | 23 (2.5) | 154 (17.1) |
| Don't know | 22 (2.4) | 39 (4.3) |
| Planning with husband for place of delivery | ||
| Yes | 777 (86.0) | 713 (79.2) |
| No | 126 (14.0) | 187 (20.8) |
| Decision-makers for delivery | ||
| Self | 681 (75.4) | 247 (27.4) |
| Others (MIL, husband, FIL) | 222 (24.6) | 653 (72.6) |
| Experienced any complications in pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 235 (26.0) | 552 (61.3) |
| No | 668 (74.0) | 348 (38.7) |
| Experienced any complications during delivery | ||
| Yes | 101 (11.2) | 224 (24.9) |
| No | 802 (88.8) | 676 (75.1) |
| Experienced any complications in PNC | ||
| Yes | 136 (15.1) | 417 (46.3) |
| No | 767 (84.9) | 483 (53.7) |
ANC, antenatal care; FIL, father-in-law; MIL, mother-in-law; PNC, postnatal care.