Coverage of adequate antenatal care in South Asian countries according to the place of residence, socioeconomic status and level of empowerment (n=48 107)
| Coverage of adequate antenatal care (95% CI) | |||||
| Afghanistan 2015 | Bangladesh 2014 | India 2015–2016 | Nepal 2016 | Pakistan 2018 | |
| National level | 8.4 (7.1 to 9.9) | 16.1 (14.1 to 18.4) | 37.8 (36.8 to 38.9) | 39.8 (37.4 to 42.2) | 29.8 (27.2 to 32.5) |
| Place of residence | |||||
| Rural | 5.9 (4.6 to 7.4) | 11.3 (9.3 to 13.7) | 33.7 (32.6 to 34.8) | 30.6 (27.3 to 34.1) | 21.1 (17.9 to 24.6) |
| Urban | 14.9 (12.3 to 17.9) | 27.3 (23.2 to 31.7) | 46.1 (44.2 to 48.1) | 47.0 (43.5 to 50.5) | 44.7 (40.8 to 48.6) |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||
| Poor | 3.8 (2.8 to 5.2) | 5.1 (3.7 to 7.0) | 25.9 (24.4 to 27.4) | 27.1 (24.3 to 30.0) | 10.9 (8.9 to 13.3) |
| Middle | 7.4 (5.5 to 10.0) | 9.7 (7.1 to 13.1) | 39.5 (37.6 to 41.5) | 35.3 (31.4 to 39.4) | 23.8 (20.0 to 28.1) |
| Rich | 12.2 (9.9 to 14.9) | 26.1 (23.1 to 29.4) | 47.9 (46.2 to 49.5) | 55.7 (52.3 to 59.1) | 47.5 (44.2 to 50.8) |
| Empowerment level | |||||
| Low | 7.1 (5.4 to 9.3) | 11.6 (9.1 to 14.6) | 34.7 (33.1 to 36.3) | 33.1 (29.6 to 36.8) | 14.1 (11.6 to 16.9) |
| Medium | 5.9 (4.3 to 8.1) | 13.8 (11.4 to 16.6) | 34.9 (33.3 to 36.6) | 39.1 (35.4 to 43.0) | 30.3 (27.0 to 33.7) |
| High | 12.2 (10.2 to 14.5) | 23.1 (19.7 to 26.9) | 44.9 (43.2 to 46.5) | 47.3 (43.9 to 50.7) | 43.1 (39.2 to 47.2) |
| Socioeconomic status×empowerment level | |||||
| Poor | |||||
| Low empowered | 3.6 (2.5 to 5.3) | 4.8 (3.11 to 7.4) | 23.9 (21.7 to 26.2) | 23.7 (19.8 to 28.0) | 7.7 (5.6 to 10.4) |
| Medium empowered | 3.0 (1.6 to 5.6) | 4.0 (2.3 to 6.8) | 24.9 (22.8 to 27.1) | 27.6 (23.3 to 32.2) | 11.3 (8.2 to 15.4) |
| Highly empowered | 5.4 (3.6 to 8.2) | 7.8 (4.6 to 13.0) | 31.7 (28.9 to 34.6) | 30.5 (26.2 to 35.1) | 17.7 (12.6 to 24.4) |
| Middle class | |||||
| Low empowered | 7.5 (5.1 to 10.8) | 8.0 (4.3 to 14.5) | 39.8 (36.9 to 42.9) | 28.8 (23.3 to 35.1) | 16.0 (11.1 to 22.7) |
| Medium empowered | 5.4 (3.5 to 8.4) | 9.0 (5.6 to 14.3) | 36.1 (33.1 to 39.3) | 36.7 (29.9 to 44.0) | 21.4 (16.8 to 26.9) |
| Highly empowered | 9.5 (5.9 to 15.0) | 11.9 (7.5 to 18.5) | 42.7 (38.8 to 46.7) | 44.4 (37.8 to 51.1) | 34.7 (27.0 to 43.3) |
| Rich | |||||
| Low empowered | 10.0 (6.6 to 14.9) | 22.5 (17.4 to 28.5) | 44.9 (41.9 to 47.9) | 49.7 (42.7 to 56.8) | 29.6 (23.0 to 37.1) |
| Medium empowered | 8.8 (5.8 to 13.2) | 22.1 (17.8 to 27.1) | 45.4 (42.5 to 48.4) | 53.8 (47.7 to 59.7) | 44.4 (40.0 to 49.0) |
| Highly empowered | 16.3 (13.2 to 20.0) | 31.5 (27.1 to 36.2) | 52.1 (49.8 to 54.5) | 61.3 (56.7 to 65.6) | 55.6 (51.6 to 59.6) |
n, number of total respondents.