Baseline characteristics of the cohort
| n=4941 | n=2876 | ||
| Female sex n (%) | 2282 (46) | 1418 (49) | 0.008 |
| Age (years) | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 84 (5) | 84 (5) | <0.001 |
| Age >90 n (%) | 450 (9) | 324 (11) | 0.002 |
| Frailty Score—CFS | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | <0.001 |
| Frailty (CFS>4) n (%) | 2008 (41) | 1317 (46) | <0.001 |
| ADL* | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 6 (1) | 6 (2) | 0.03 |
| Disablitiy (ADL≤4) | 462 (24) | 446 (30) | <0.001 |
| IQCODE* | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 3.19 (0.61) | 3.25 (0.75) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive decline (IQCODE ≥3.5) n (%) | 460 (29) | 493 (37) | <0.001 |
| SOFA Score | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 7 (6) | 7 (6) | 0.006 |
| SOFA quartiles | 0.007 | ||
| SOFA 0–4 n (%) | 1514 (31) | 844 (30) | |
| SOFA 5–7 n (%) | 1277 (26) | 747 (26) | |
| SOFA 8–10 n (%) | 1090 (23) | 608 (21) | |
| SOFA>10 n (%) | 972 (20) | 667 (23) | |
| ICU length of stay (hours) | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 72 (134) | 90 (162) | <0.001 |
| ICU stay <72 hours n (%) | 2476 (50) | 1299 (45) | <0.001 |
| CPS* | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 10 (7) | 11 (7) | 0.10 |
| Admission diagnosis | |||
| Respiratory failure | 1128 (23) | 772 (27) | <0.001 |
| Circulatory failure | 657 (13) | 423 (15) | 0.08 |
| Combined circulatory and respiratory failure | 535 (11) | 352 (12) | 0.06 |
| Sepsis | 693 (14) | 354 (12) | 0.03 |
| Multitrauma without head injury | 92 (2) | 55 (2) | 0.98 |
| Multitrauma with head injury | 87 (2) | 58 (2) | 0.42 |
| Head injury | 117 (2) | 78 (3) | 0.35 |
| Intoxication | 13 (<1) | 23 (<1) | 0.001 |
| Cerebral injury (non-traumatic) | 286 (6) | 212 (7) | 0.006 |
| Emergency surgery | 694 (14) | 239 (8) | <0.001 |
| Other | 637 (13) | 310 (11) | 0.006 |
| Economic data | |||
| Health spending per capita (US$) | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 4653 (1626) | 5376 (389) | <0.001 |
| HDI | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 0.92 (0.05) | 0.89 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| GDP per capita (US$) | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 41 030 (18 295) | 41 760 (8262) | <0.001 |
| ICU beds | |||
| Median (±IQR) | 6.6 (2.0) | 11.6 (5.2) | <0.001 |
*Only available in VIP2 study.
ADL, activities of daily living; CFS, Clinical Frailty Scale; CPS, Co-morbidity and Polypharmacy Score; GDP, gross domestic product; HDI, human development index; ICU, intensive care unit; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; SHI, social heath insurance system; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; THS, tax-based health service.