C-section rate by wealth group, year and birth location
| Poorest | Poorer | Middle | Richer | Richest | RD* | RR* | P value* | |
| Homebirth delivery rate | ||||||||
| 2008 | 79.13 (580) | 53.29 (275) | 43.84 (217) | 28.40 (121) | 15.47 (67) | −63.66 | 0.20 | <0.001 |
| 2017 | 44.00 (275) | 19.00 (91) | 13.88 (58) | 10.20 (41) | 2.25 (8) | −41.75 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
| Any services C-section rate† | ||||||||
| 2008 | 13.33 (20) | 15.90 (38) | 21.74 (60) | 22.62 (69) | 26.24 (95) | 12.91 | 1.97 | 0.004 |
| 2017 | 12.86 (45) | 19.64 (22.28) | 22.28 (80) | 26.11 (94) | 36.52 (126) | 23.66 | 2.84 | <0.001 |
| Private services C-section rate | ||||||||
| 2008 | 3.17 (2) | 8.27 (11) | 17.11 (32) | 18.97 (44) | 25.36 (71) | 22.19 | 8.00 | <0.001 |
| 2017 | 12.82 (10) | 19.61 (30) | 18.54 (33) | 20.87 (43) | 35.34 (88) | 22.52 | 2.76 | <0.001 |
| Public services C-section rate | ||||||||
| 2008 | 20.69 (18) | 25.47 (27) | 31.46 (28) | 34.25 (25) | 29.27 (24) | 8.58 | 1.41 | 0.324 |
| 2017 | 12.87 (35) | 19.66 (46) | 25.97 (47) | 33.12 (51) | 39.58 (38) | 26.71 | 3.08 | <0.001 |
*RD=rate difference between poorest and richest quintiles, RR=rate ratio between poorest and richest quintiles. P value compares poorest quintile to richest quintile using χ2 test.
†This was the C-section rate among women who reported use services provided by public or private providers. Home births were not included in this analysis.
C-section, caesarean section.