Table 1

Summary of the characteristics of the study participants

Categoryn (%)Caries n (%)P value*Pain n (%)P value*dmft (mean±SD)P value*
Gender  <0.001 <0.001<0.001
 Male20 245 (50.2)12 598 (62.7)5078 (26.2)3.39±0.03
 Female20 115 (49.8)12 545 (62.4)5340 (27.7)3.31±0.03
Age (years)  <0.001 <0.001<0.001
 312 390 (30.7)6292 (50.8)2024 (17.1)2.28±0.03
 413 978 (34.6)8895 (63.6)3420 (25.5)3.40±0.04
 513 992 (34.7)10 056 (71.9)4974 (37.0)4.24±0.04
Ethnic  <0.001 <0.001<0.001
 Han36 087 (89.4)22 401 (62.1)9231 (26.7)3.32±0.02
 Other ethnics4273 (10.6)2842 (66.5)1187 (28.9)3.63±0.06
Place of residence  <0.001 <0.001<0.001
 Urban20 490 (50.8)12 449 (60.8)5166 (26.2)3.14±0.03
 Rural19 870 (49.2)12 794 (64.4)5252 (27.7)3.57±0.03
Region  <0.001 <0.001<0.001
 East14 127 (35.0)9385 (66.4)3872 (28.5)3.83±0.04
 Middle10 403 (25.8)6216 (59.8)2654 (27.0)3.09±0.04
 West15 830 (39.2)9642 (60.903892 (25.5)3.09±0.03
Parents-reported child general health<0.001 <0.001<0.001
 Good or better28 885 (71.6)17 860 (61.8)6954 (25.0)3.25±0.02
 Fair or less11 475 (28.4)7383 (64.3)3464 (32.0)3.60±0.04
Parental education  <0.001 0.137<0.001
 High12 615 (36.1*)7326 (58.1*)3208 (26.3*)2.90±0.04*
 Middle9457 (23.2*)5914 (62.5*)2445 (26.9*)3.34±0.04*
 Low18 278 (40.7*)11 998 (65.6*)4762 (27.4*)3.66±0.03*
Household income  <0.001 0.011<0.001
 Highest4431 (17.7*)1942 (59.2*)753 (25.2*)3.01±0.06*
 High4319 (21.7*)3037 (62.1*)1233 (27.1*)3.37±0.05*
 Middle5509 (20.9*)3256 (61.6*)1326 (27.0*)3.27±0.05*
 Low4972 (26.2*)4638 (63.9*)1812 (27.1*)3.48±0.04*
 Lowest6619 (13.6*)2825 (65.1*)1131 (28.2*)3.53±0.06*

  • *Proportions and p values are presented after multiple imputation for parental education and household income.

  • dmft, decayed, missing and filling teeth.