Determinants of C-section in Indonesia 1998–2017, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression
| Crude odds OR (CI 95%) | Adjusted for age, parity, year | Adjusted for age, parity, year, education, wealth | Adjusting for all variables | |
| Year | ||||
| 1998–2002 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2003–2007 | 1.81 (1.62 to 2.01) | 1.72 (1.54 to 1.92) | 1.72 (1.54 to 1.92) | 1.76 (1.57 to 1.97) |
| 2008–2012 | 3.40 (3.08 to 3.76) | 3.08 (2.79 to 3.41) | 3.06 (2.76 to 3.40) | 2.47 (2.21 to 2.75) |
| 2013–2017 | 5.01 (4.54 to 5.52) | 4.36 (3.95 to 4.81) | 4.17 (3.77 to 4.62) | 2.54 (2.29 to 2.82) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| ≤19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20–29 | 1.93 (1.71 to 2.17) | 2.69 (2.38 to 3.03) | 1.76 (1.55 to 1.99) | 1.52 (1.34 to 1.73) |
| ≥30 | 2.99 (2.66 to 3.37) | 6.67 (5.84 to 7.62) | 3.66 (3.19 to 4.20) | 2.79 (2.42 to 3.22) |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school or below | 1 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Junior and senior high school | 2.80 (2.60 to 3.02) | – | 1.54 (1.42 to 1.67) | 1.21 (1.11 to 1.31) |
| University and above | 8.09 (7.42 to 8.82) | – | 2.46 (2.23 to 2.72) | 1.97 (1.77 to 2.18) |
| Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Rural | 0.35 (0.33 to 0.37) | – | – | 0.97 (0.90 to 1.04) |
| Wealth | ||||
| Poorest | 1 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Poorer | 2.24 (2.03 to 2.55) | – | 1.89 (1.69 to 2.13) | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) |
| Middle | 3.38 (3.03 to 3.77) | – | 2.47 (2.21 to 2.77) | 1.38 (1.22 to 1.56) |
| Richer | 5.17 (4.66 to 5.74) | – | 3.42 (3.07 to 3.82) | 1.68 (1.48 to 1.90) |
| Richest | 8.72 (7.89 to 9.64) | – | 5.04 (4.51 to 5.63) | 2.19 (1.93 to 2.49) |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2–3 | 0.81 (0.76 to 0.86) | 0.46 (0.43 to 0.49) | 0.55 (0.52 to 0.60) | 0.63 (0.59 to 0.68) |
| ≥4 | 0.47 (0.43 to 0.52) | 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) | 0.36 (0.33 to 0.41) | 0.51 (0.46 to 0.58) |
| Region | ||||
| Western | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Central | 0.71 (0.66 to 0.75) | – | – | 0.87 (0.81 to 0.93) |
| Eastern | 0.55 (0.49 to 0.62) | – | – | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) |
| Childbirth care | ||||
| Private services | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Public services | 1.33 (1.26 to 1.41) | – | – | 1.58 (1.48 to 1.69) |
C-section, caesarean section.