Clinical outcomes of hospitalised KPGA patients with COVID-19 by race/ethnicity, sex and age groups
| Hospitalisation characteristics | Total no. (%) | Race/Ethnicity | Sex | Age group (years) | ||||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||||||
| Black | White | Hispanic | Asian | Female | Male | 18–49 | 50–64 | 65+ | ||
| N=896† | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | Total | |
| 556 (62.0%) | 257 (28.7%) | 51 (5.7%) | 32 (3.6%) | 458 (51.1%) | 438 (48.9%) | 271 (30.3%) | 322 (35.9%) | 303 (33.8%) | ||
| Mean age, years (SD)‡ | 57.3 (15.7) | 55.4 (15.1) | 62.7 (16.1) | 51.2 (12.4) | 55.9 (15.4) | 56.4 (16.4) | 58.1 (14.8) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Healthcare utilisation | ||||||||||
| Mean hospital LOS, days (SD) | 7.9 (9.2) | 7.9 (9.1) *§ | 7.2 (7.9) *§ | 6.9 (7.3) *§ | 14.5 (17.1) *§ *° *°° *°°° | 7.3 (8.3) *Δ | 8.6 (10.0) *Δ *ᵋ | 6.6 (8.2) *¶ | 8.5 (9.9) *¶ *◊ | 8.5 (9.2) *¶ *◊◊ |
| Admitted to ICU†† | 259 (28.9%) | 154 (27.7%) *§ | 71 (27.6%) *§ | 17 (33.3%) *§ | 17 (53.1%) *§ *° *°° | 118 (25.8%) *Δ | 141 (32.2%) *Δ *ᵋ | 59 (21.8%) *¶ | 112 (34.8%) *¶ **◊ | 88 (29.0%) *¶ *◊◊ |
| Mean ICU LOS, days (SD) | 10.0 (10.5) | 10.1 (9.3) *§ | 8.1 (9.0) *§ | 8.7 (9.6) *§ | 17.8 (20.4) *§ | 9.1 (9.8) | 10.7 (11.0) | 9.0 (9.0) | 9.7 (10.3) | 11 (11.7) |
| Mechanical ventilation†† | 77 (8.6%) | 51 (9.2%) *§ | 15 (5.8%) *§ | 4 (7.8%) *§ | 7 (21.9%) *§ *° *°° | 36 (7.9%) | 41 (9.4%) | 12 (4.4%) *¶ | 35 (10.9%) *¶ **◊ | 30 (9.9%) *¶ *◊◊ |
| Mean ventilator duration, days (SD) | 14.5 (11.4) | 13.4 (9.0) | 12.9 (10.6) | 16 (9.1) | 24.7 (22.5) | 14.4 (10.8) | 14.6 (12.0) | 13.6 (9.1) | 12.6 (10.7) | 17.0 (12.7) |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||
| Discharged alive†† | 798 (89.1%) | 502 (90.3%) | 222 (86.4%) | 46 (90.2%) | 28 (87.5%) | 417 (91%) | 381 (87.0%) | 265 (97.8%) **¶ | 294 (91.3%) **¶ **◊ | 239 (78.9%) **¶ **◊◊ |
| Still hospitalised†† | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| 30-day readmission†† | 75 (8.4%) | 44 (7.9%) | 25 (9.7%) | 4 (7.8%) | 2 (6.3%) | 38 (8.3%) | 37 (8.4%) | 22 (8.1%) | 23 (7.1%) | 30 (9.9%) |
| 60-day readmission†† | 85 (9.5%) | 49 (8.8%) | 30 (11.7%) | 4 (7.8%) | 2 (6.3%) | 44 (9.6%) | 41 (9.4%) | 25 (9.2%) | 25 (7.8%) | 35 (11.6%) |
| Deceased†† | 96 (10.7%) | 53 (9.5%) | 34 (13.2%) | 5 (9.8%) | 4 (12.5%) | 41 (9.0%) | 55 (12.6%) | 6 (2.2%) **¶ | 26 (8.1%) **¶ *◊ | 64 (21.1%) **¶ **◊◊ |
Significance tests (categorical: χ2 test of significance; continuous: ANOVA test of significance, two sample t-test of means).
Significance levels *p≤0.05, **p≤0.001.
†n=896 includes patients at level of hospital stay. Thus, participants who were readmitted, or transferred, are accounted for more than once.
‡Mean age represents all unique hospitalised patients n=827.
§Across race groups, ° Black vs Asian; °° White vs Asian; °°°Hispanic vs Asian; ΔAcross sex; ᵋMen vs women.
¶Across age groups; ◊Age 18–49 vs 50–64; ◊◊Age 18–49 vs 65+; ◊◊◊Age 50–64 vs 65+.
††In this table, column percentages are provided for categorical variables and rounded to the nearest tenth.
ANOVA, analysis of variance; ICU, intensive care unit; KPGA, Kaiser Permanente Georgia; n/a, not applicable.