Included studies | Outcome variable | 1. Bias from the randomisation process | 2. Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | 3. Bias due to missing outcome data | 4. Bias in measurement of the outcome | 5. Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall judgement |
Baltaci et al 201328 | JPS | High | Some concerns | Low | High | High | High |
Beynnon et al 201149 | TTDPM | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Cho et al 201334 | JPS | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | High | Some concerns | High |
Fu et al 201330 | JPS | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Kaya et al 201932 | JPS | Some concerns | High | High | Low | Some concerns | High |
Moezy et al 200829 | JPS | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns | High | High |
Risberg et al 200748 | TTDPM | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Shen et al 201931 | JPS | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns |
TTDPM | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | |
Zult et al 201833 | JPS | Low | Some concerns | Low | High | Some concerns | High |
QFC | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns |
JPS, joint position sense; QFC, quadriceps force control; TTDPM, threshold to detect passive motion.