Standard medication treatment for both groups based on GOLD 2019 guidelines and Vietnam Ministry of Health recommendations
| Items | COPD GOLD 2019 group B | COPD GOLD 2019 group C | COPD GOLD 2019 group D |
| Initial treatment | A long acting bronchodilator (LABA or LAMA) | LAMA | LAMA |
| Difficulty in breathing (moderate) | LAMA +LABA | LAMA +LABA Or LAMA +ICS | LAMA +LABA ICS/LABA use when:
|
| Difficulty in breathing (Severe) | LAMA+LABA | LAMA +LABA Or LAMA +ICS | LAMA+LABA+ICS |
| Name of Drugs use in Standard COPD Medication Treatment for both groups | |||
| SABA | Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Fenoterol | ||
| LABA | Indacaterol, Bambuterol | ||
| SAMA | Ipratropium | ||
| LAMA | Tiotropium | ||
| SABA+SAMA | Ipratropium and salbutamol Ipratropium and fenoterol | ||
| LABA+LAMA | Indacaterol and Glycopyronium Olodaterol and Tiotropium Vilanterol and Umeclidinium | ||
| ICS +LABA | Budesonid and Formoterol Fluticason and Vilanterol Fluticason and Salmeterol | ||
| Antibiotics | Erythromycin Rofumilast* | ||
| Long/short-acting Xanthine | Theophyllin/Theostat | ||
*Roflumilast was used only when patients’ FEV1 <50% and had at least 1 admission within 1 year.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ISC, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; SAMA, Short-acting muscarinic antagonist.