Baseline characteristics of people living with HIV with and without incident diabetes mellitus between 2001 and 2013 in British Columbia
| Characteristics | PLHIV with incident DM (n=129) | PLHIV without incident DM (n=2663) | P values |
| Median age in years at baseline (Q1, Q3) | 45 (39.9, 52.2) | 40 (32.3, 47.3) | <0.001 |
| Sex (n, %) | |||
| Male | 107 (83.0) | 2113 (79.4) | 0.323 |
| Female | 22 (17.1) | 550 (20.7) | |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | |||
| Indigenous | 11 (8.5) | 348 (13.1) | 0.382 |
| White | 38 (29.5) | 683 (25.7) | |
| Asian | 6 (4.7) | 85 (3.2) | |
| Hispanic | ≤5 | 23 (0.9) | |
| Black | ≤5 | 18 (0.7) | |
| Unknown | 70 (54.2) | 1506 (56.6) | |
| Health authority* (n, %) | |||
| Interior | 8 (6.2) | 167 (6.3) | 0.061 |
| Fraser | 32 (24.8) | 569 (21.4) | |
| Vancouver Coastal | 68 (52.7) | 1398 (52.5) | |
| Vancouver Island | 20 (15.5) | 328 (12.3) | |
| Northern | ≤5 | 192 (7.2) | |
| Unknown | ≤5 | 9 (0.3) | |
| Neighbourhood income (SES) quintile* (n, %) | |||
| Lowest | 36 (27.9) | 1056 (39.7) | 0.141 |
| Second lowest | 30 (23.3) | 517 (19.4) | |
| Middle | 27 (20.9) | 473 (17.8) | |
| Second highest | 19 (14.7) | 341 (12.8) | |
| Highest | 15 (11.6) | 254 (9.5) | |
| Unknown | ≤5 | 22 (0.8) | |
| On ART during study period† (n, %) | |||
| No | 30 (23.3) | 83 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 99 (76.7) | 2580 (96.9) | |
| Median age at ART initiation in years (Q1, Q3) | 46.6 (41.7, 53.9) | 42.32 (34.7, 49.2) | <0.001 |
| Period of ART initiation† (n, %) | |||
| 2001–2004 | 36 (36.4) | 439 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| 2005–2009 | 52 (52.5) | 1280 (49.6) | |
| 2010–2013 | 11 (11.1) | 861 (33.4) | |
| Total duration of ART exposure† (years, (Q1, Q3)) | 2.2 (0.8, 4.2) | 3.4 (1.7, 5.6) | <0.001 |
| Main class of first ART regimen (n, %) | |||
| NRTI+INSTI | ≤5 | 37 (1.4) | 0.034 |
| NRTI+NNRTI | 30 (30.3) | 1108 (43) | |
| NRTI+PI | 68 (68.7) | 1401 (54.3) | |
| Other | ≤5 | 34 (1.3) | |
| Treatment Interruption ≥3 months† (n, %) | |||
| No | 88 (88.9) | 1936 (75) | 0.002 |
| Yes | 11 (11.1) | 644 (25) | |
| Median CD4 at baseline (cells/mm3 (Q1, Q3)) | 170 (55, 295) | 230 (120, 360) | <0.001 |
| Median VL at baseline (log 10 copies/mL (Q1, Q3)) | 5 (4.6, 5.0) | 4.9 (4.3, 5.0) | <0.001 |
| Proportion of follow-up time with VL ≥500 copies/mL (% (Q1, Q3)) | 50 (20, 100) | 34.8 (16.7, 56.5) | <0.001 |
| History of hypertension‡ (n, %) | 18 (14.0) | 165 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| History of heart failure‡ (n, %) | ≤5 | 24 (0.5) | <0.001 |
| History of IDU‡ (n, %) | 37 (28.7) | 894 (33.6) | 0.250 |
P values calculated with ‘Unknown’ group excluded.
*Via census tract data.
†Only applies to people living with HIV (PLHIV) who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the study period (n=2679).
‡Prior to baseline.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; DM, diabetes mellitus; IDU, injection drug use; INSTI, integrase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitor; PLHIV, people living with HIV; (Q1, Q3), 25th–75th percentiles; SES, socioeconomic status; VL, viral load.