Characteristics of cost of illness studies of influenza outbreaks*, expressed in Euros (base year 2017)
| Study (Publication Year) | Setting, year | Perspective | Direct costs (€, 2017) | Indirect costs (€, 2017) |
| Prager et al (2017)17 | USA, n/a | Healthcare system, governmental, societal | Seasonal (no vaccination): €5.92 billion Seasonal (vaccination): €9.96 billion Pandemic (no vaccination): €81.18 billion Pandemic (vaccination): €65.59 billion | Illness-related workdays losses (a) Vaccination and no vaccination in a seasonal scenario: vaccination contributes to more workday losses than no vaccination (b) Vaccination and no vaccination in a pandemic scenario: vaccination reduces workday losses by 22.2 million days compared with no vaccination |
| Morales-Suárez-Varela et al (2016)18 | Spain, 2009–2010 | Healthcare system, societal | Total direct cost/patient Non-pregnant women: €3 908.70 Pregnant women: €2 227.10 | Total indirect cost/patient Non-pregnant women: €107.18 Pregnant women: €63.83 |
| Silva et al (2014)19 | France, 2010–2011 | Payer, societal | Mean direct cost/patient All ages—€53.43 0–4 years old—€73.91 5–14 years old—€52.79 15–65 years old—€35.26 ≥65 years old—€44.13 Total direct costs All ages—€107 883 835 0–4 years old—€18 908 254 5–14 years old—€52 474 781 15–65 years old—€21 590 741 ≥65 years old—€6 940 836 | Mean daily allowance cost due to work leave/patient All ages—€22.38 0–4 years old—€0 5–14 years old—€0 15–65 years old—€97.88 ≥65 years old—€0 |
| Higgins et al (2011)20 | Australia and New Zealand, 2009 | Healthcare system | Total mean cost: €19 296 136 Total ICU costs: €6 107 069 Total non-ICU costs: €12 961 942 Mean cost of ICU/patient: €61 368 Mean cost of non-ICU/patient: €10 755 Mean cost in ICU/per patient and per day: €4 767 | Non-reported |
| Wilson et al (2009)21 | New Zealand, 2009 | Healthcare system | Total ICU costs: €40 807 660 Median ICU cost/patient: €22 540 Mean ICU cost/patient: €32 168 Total hospital costs/patient Median hospital cost: €39 696 Mean hospital cost: 53 553 Treatment costs in ICU per subgroup (a) Cost/patient with and without pre-existing comorbidity €16 100 and €28 980, respectively (b) Cost/patient with viral pneumonitis and with other influenza syndromes €22 212 and €12 880, respectively | Non-reported |
| Rodríguez-Rieiro et al (2009)22 | Spain, 2009 | Healthcare system | Total cost: €36 700 000 Median cost per hospitalisation (concomitant chronic disease): €2 205 Median cost per hospitalisation (without a medical condition): €1 172 | Non-reported |
The adjustment was performed from Canadian $, US$, Australian $, British pounds £ and converted to Euro (Germany has been selected as target currency in these cases). Currencies from European Union countries adjusted to their currency.
The cost data include all forms of cost derived from inclusion studies, such as overall/total cost, mean/average cost, income loss, labour cost, household cost, savings, cost per case, etc.
For studies without currency year indicated, the previous year of publication was selected for adjustment.
*Confirmed or extrapolated/hypothetical cases on which they base the economic evaluation.
ICU, intensive care unit.