Baseline demographics of women in SWAN examined in the primary cohort
| Total n=685 | No sleep medication n=447 | Sleep medication user n=238 | SMD | |
| N (%) unless noted | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 49.5 (8.5) | 49.6 (8.8) | 49.3 (7.7) | 0.02 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 29.1 (7.4) | 29.1 (7.3) | 29.2 (7.6) | 0.02 |
| Educational attainment | ||||
| High school or less | 141 (20.6) | 87 (19.5) | 54 (22.7) | 0.06 |
| >High school | 542 (79.1) | 358 (80.1) | 184 (77.3) | 0.07 |
| Ethnicity/Race | 0.06 | |||
| African-American | 158 (23.1) | 103 (23.0) | 55 (23.1) | 0.002 |
| White | 394 (57.5) | 261 (58.4) | 133 (55.9) | 0.05 |
| Chinese | 45 (6.6) | 29 (6.5) | 16 (6.7) | 0.009 |
| Hispanic | 25 (3.7) | 15 (3.4) | 10 (4.2) | 0.05 |
| Japanese | 63 (9.2) | 39 (8.7) | 24 (10.1) | 0.04 |
| Medical insurance | 660 (96.4) | 430 (96.2) | 230 (96.6) | 0.02 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 94 (13.7) | 58 (13.0) | 36 (15.1) | 0.06 |
| Married | 451 (65.8) | 305 (68.2) | 146 (61.3) | 0.15 |
| Separated | 19 (2.8) | 9 (2.0) | 10 (4.2) | 0.15 |
| Widowed | 30 (4.4) | 17 (3.8) | 13 (5.5) | 0.08 |
| Divorced | 91 (13.3) | 58 (13.0) | 33 (13.9) | 0.03 |
| Tobacco use | ||||
| Never | 344 (50.2) | 220 (49.2) | 124 (52.1) | 0.06 |
| Past/Current | 341 (49.8) | 227 (50.8) | 114 (47.9) | 0.06 |
| Alcohol use | 0.05 | |||
| None | 294 (44.1) | 193 (44.3) | 101 (43.7) | 0.01 |
| <1 drink/week | 167 (25.0) | 117 (26.8) | 50 (21.7) | 0.12 |
| 1–7 drinks/week | 131 (19.6) | 75 (17.2) | 56 (24.2) | 0.17 |
| >7 drinks/week | 75 (11.2) | 51 (11.7) | 24 (10.4) | 0.04 |
| Depression (CES-D), mean (SD) | 12.7 (10.5) | 12.4 (10.3) | 13.2 (10.9) | 0.08 |
| Anxiety score, mean (SD) | 3.2 (2.7) | 3.1 (2.8) | 3.2 (2.6) | 0.03 |
| Body pain, mean (SD) | 62.3 (22.5) | 62.5 (22.0) | 61.9 (23.3) | 0.03 |
| SF36-mental, mean (SD) | 46.5 (11.3) | 46.7 (11.6) | 46.2 (10.8) | 0.05 |
| SF-36-physical, mean (SD) | 48.1 (10.4) | 48.2 (9.8) | 47.9 (11.5) | 0.03 |
| Menopausal status | 0.06 | |||
| Unknown | 85 (12.4) | 52 (11.6) | 33 (13.9) | 0.07 |
| Premenopausal | 30 (4.6) | 19 (4.3) | 11 (4.6) | 0.02 |
| Early/Late peri-menopausal | 246 (35.9) | 162 (36.2) | 84 (35.3) | 0.02 |
| Surgical menopause | 30 (4.2) | 20 (4.5) | 10 (4.2) | 0.01 |
| Postmenopausal | 294 (42.9) | 194 (43.4) | 100 (42.0) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 65 (9.5) | 38 (8.5) | 27 (11.3) | 0.10 |
| Hypertension | 316 (46.1) | 201 (45.0) | 115 (48.3) | 0.07 |
| Osteoarthritis | 303 (44.2) | 196 (43.9) | 107 (45.0) | 0.02 |
| Cancer, current | 21 (3.1) | 16 (1.8) | 5 (2.1) | 0.10 |
| Any antidepressant | 22 (3.2) | 6 (1.3) | 16 (6.7) | 0.28 |
| Any analgesic | 28 (4.1) | 22 (4.9) | 6 (2.5) | 0.13 |
There are missing values for education (n=2), alcohol use (n=14) and insurance (n=25). Antidepressants include TCAs, SSRI, SNRIs and MAO inhibitors. Analgesics include opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The CES-D is a 20-item scale with a range of 0–60.20 The anxiety score (GAD-7) is a 7-item scale with a range of 0–21.21 The SF-36 bodily pain score includes two items with a range of 0–100; SF-36 mental component score is a 5-item scale with a range of 0–100 and SF-36 physical function is a 10-item scale with a range of 0–100.21
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GAD-7, General Anxiety Disorder-7; MAO, monoamine oxidase; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Survey; SF-36-mental, Mental Component Score; SF-36-physical, Physical Component Score; SMD, standardised mean difference; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SWAN, Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.