Association of education with different COVID-19 status
| Education | COVID-19 status | |||||
| Self-reported | Tested | Diagnosed | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | RR (95% CI) | p | |
| Model 1 | ||||||
| Low | 0.81 [0.75–0.89] | <0.001 | 0.58 [0.52–0.65] | <0.001 | 1.18 [0.67–2.07] | 0.6 |
| Middle | 0.93 [0.87–0.99] | 0.03 | 0.73 [0.67–0.80] | <0.001 | 1.73 [1.19–2.50] | 0.004 |
| High | Ref | |||||
| Model 2 | ||||||
| Low | 0.79 [0.72–0.86] | <0.001 | 0.59 [0.53–0.66] | <0.001 | 1.11 [0.61–2.00] | 0.7 |
| Middle | 0.91 [0.85–0.97] | 0.006 | 0.74 [0.68–0.81] | <0.001 | 1.69 [1.17–2.44] | 0.005 |
| High | Ref | |||||
| Model 3 | ||||||
| Low | 0.77 [0.71–0.85] | <0.001 | 0.59 [0.53–0.66] | <0.001 | 1.11 [0.61–2.00] | 0.7 |
| Middle | 0.90 [0.84–0.96] | 0.002 | 0.74 [0.68–0.81] | <0.001 | 1.69 [1.16–2.45] | 0.006 |
| High | Ref | |||||
| Model 4 | ||||||
| Low | 0.78 [0.71–0.86] | <0.001 | 0.58 [0.52–0.66] | <0.001 | 1.10 [0.60–2.01] | 0.8 |
| Middle | 0.90 [0.84–0.97] | 0.004 | 0.72 [0.66–0.79] | <0.001 | 1.77 [1.21–2.60] | 0.003 |
| High | Ref | |||||
Model 1: adjusted for education, age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for education, age, sex, and six lifestyle factors (smoking status, TV watching time ≥ 4h/day, sleep time <7 or >9 h/day, MVPA<150 min/week, LLDS, and heavy drinker). Model3: adjusted for education, age, sex, six lifestyle factors (smoking status, TV watching time ≥ 4h/day, sleep time <7 or >9 h/day, MVPA<150 min/week, LLDS, and heavy drinker), and BMI. Model 4: adjusted for education, age, sex, six lifestyle factors (smoking status, TV watching time ≥ 4h/day, sleep time <7 or >9 h/day, MVPA<150 min/week, LLDS, and heavy drinker), BMI, and ethnicity.
BMI, body mass index; LLDS, lifelines diet score; MVPA, non-occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; OR, odds ratio; RR, risk ratio.