Cohort study birth year | Sex* | Ethnicity† | SEP‡ | Chronic illness§ | ||||
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
1946 (n=1170) | 0.97 (0.76 to 1.25) | 0.827 | N/A | N/A | 1.39 (0.90 to 2.16) | 0.138 | 1.74 (1.28 to 2.36) | 0.0004 |
1958 (n=5073) | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.40) | 0.021 | N/A | N/A | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.41) | 0.753 | 2.15 (1.76 to 2.62) | <0.0001 |
1970 (n=4099) | 1.83 (1.47 to 2.26) | <0.0001 | N/A | N/A | 1.05 (0.73 to 1.51) | 0.786 | 1.77 (1.42 to 2.21) | <0.0001 |
1989–1990 (n=1849) | 1.70 (1.23 to 2.35) | 0.001 | 1.25 (0.86 to 2.37) | 0.255 | 1.45 (0.88 to 2.41) | 0.154 | 1.59 (1.18 to 2.13) | 0.002 |
2000–2002 (n=2605) | 2.29 (1.65 to 3.19) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (0.73 to 2.31) | 0.885 | 1.05 (0.66 to 1.67) | 0.836 | 1.71 (1.30 to 2.25) | 0.0001 |
All analyses used generalised linear models with logit link. Significant p values are highlighted in bold.
*Sex was coded as 0=male and 1=female; adjustment was made for survey combined weight and shielding letter.
†Ethnicity was coded as 0=non-white and 1=white; adjustment was made for survey combined weight, shielding letter and sex. Almost all participants in NSHD (1946), NCDS (1958) and BCS (1970) were white, so ethnicity was not examined.
‡SEP was coded using childhood social class from 1=managerial to 6=unskilled, but ridit scores were used in all analyses; adjustment was made for survey combined weight, shielding letter, sex and ethnicity.
§Chronic illness was coded as 0=absent and 1=present; adjustment was made for survey combined weight, shielding letter, sex, ethnicity and SEP.
N/A, not available; NCDS, National Child Development Study; NSHD, National Study of Health and Development; SEP, socioeconomic position.