Table 5

Multiple regression models of self-reported dengue fever using three household water insecurity measures

CharacteristicModel 4Model 5Model 6
OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
HWISE Scale score1.020 (0.977 to 1.064)
Hygiene subscore1.074 (0.920 to 1.253)
Water worry subscore1.039 (0.901 to 1.198)
Female household head (Ref: Male)0.782 (0.454 to 1.347)0.782 (0.454 to 1.347)0.805 (0.466 to 1.389)
Monthly income (US$)0.999 (0.998 to 1.000)0.999 (0.998 to 1.000)0.999 (0.998 to 1.000)
Monthly water expenditures (US$)0.965 (0.909 to 1.024)0.962 (0.906 to 1.022)0.966 (0.911 to 1.024)
Dry season (Ref: Wet season)1.543 (0.849 to 2.804)1.564 (0.868 to 2.820)1.615 (0.891 to 2.929)
Number of household members1.098 (0.959 to 1.257)1.099 (0.960 to 1.258)1.087 (0.949 to 1.245)
Intermittent water supply0.588 (0.296 to 1.168)0.627 (0.327 to 1.204)0.584 (0.293 to 1.164)
Unpredictable water supply3.074 (1.591 to 5.939)**3.114 (1.615 to 6.005)**3.385 (1.737 to 6.594)***
Satisfaction with water situation1.087 (0.861 to 1.373)1.077 (0.860 to 1.349)1.068 (0.844 to 1.352)
Housing type (Ref: Owned)
 Rented1.027 (0.533 to 1.977)1.038 (0.539 to 1.999)1.052 (0.544 to 2.034)
 Other0.396 (0.044 to 3.554)0.404 (0.045 to 3.399)0.426 (0.048 to 3.803)
Water storage (Ref: No storage)
 Unsafe storage0.857 (0.205 to 3.351)0.891 (0.212 to 3.740)0.821 (0.196 to 3.445)
 Safe storage0.828 (0.206 to 3.328)0.843 (0.209 to 3.402)0.811 (0.201 to 3.267)
Unimproved primary drinking water source (Ref: Piped or other improved)1.004 (0.557 to 1.808)1.013 (0.561 to 1.831)1.004 (0.555 to 1.813)
Unimproved primary non-drinking water source (Ref: Piped or other improved)1.112 (0.336 to 3.678)1.145 (0.347 to 3.778)1.108 (0.333 to 3.681)
Unimproved secondary drinking water source (Ref: Piped or other improved)1.298 (0.775 to 2.175)1.289 (0.769 to 2.161)1.258 (0.748 to 2.117)
Unimproved secondary non-drinking water source (Ref: Piped or other improved)1.665 (0.928 to 2.984)1.623 (0.901 to 2.925)1.686 (0.938 to 3.031)
  • **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

  • HWISE, Household Water Insecurity Experiences.