Crude | Adjusted (N=30 589) | |||
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age (year) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | 0.012 |
Haemoglobin A1c (%)×10 | 1.54 (1.51 to 1.57) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.32 to 1.39) | <0.001 |
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL) | 1.12 (1.11 to 1.12) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06 to 1.08) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 1.21 (1.19 to 1.22) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.078 to 1.12) | <0.001 |
Ferritin (ng/mL, reference: <200) | 2.25 (1.94 to 2.62) | <0.001 | 1.51 (1.28 to 1.79) | <0.001 |
Lead exposure | 1.05 (0.68 to 1.63) | 0.812 | 1.01 (0.58 to 1.77) | 0.971 |
Cadmium exposure | 1.08 (0.54 to 2.17) | 0.828 | 1.48 (0.61 to 3.55) | 0.385 |
Smoking | ||||
Ex-smoker | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.51) | 0.071 | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.31) | 0.634 |
Current smoker | 1.61 (1.35 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.22 to 1.73) | <0.01 |
Drinking | 0.83 (0.68 to 1.01) | 0.062 | 1.07 (0.53 to 2.17) | 0.842 |