Variables | Category | Mean W/H-ratio±SD | Crude estimates | Adjusted estimates |
β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | |||
Location | Rural | 0.84±0.09 | Ref. | Ref. |
Urban | 0.86±0.11 | 0.016 (0.012 to 0.021)‡ | 0.015 (0.011 to 0.020)‡ ** | |
Income§ | <US$1.9/day | 0.84±0.07 | Ref. | Ref. |
≥US$1.9/day | 0.85±0.09 | 0.010 (0.004 to 0.016)* | 0.007 (0.001 to 0.013)* †† | |
Education | Low | 0.84±0.08 | Ref. | Ref. |
Medium | 0.85±0.10 | 0.005 (0.00 to 0.009)* | 0.002 (−0.003 to 0.006)‡‡ | |
High | 0.85±0.11 | 0.006 (−0.001 to 0.013) | 0.002 (−0.006 to 0.009)‡‡ | |
Employment¶ | Employed | 0.85±0.09 | Ref. | Ref. |
Unemployed | 0.86±0.10 | 0.018 (0.011 to 0.025)‡ | 0.006 (−0.001 to 0.014)§§ | |
SES | Low | 0.84±0.07 | Ref. | Ref. |
Medium | 0.85±0.09 | 0.012 (0.005 to 0.018)† | 0.008 (0.001 to 0.014)‡‡ * | |
High | 0.88±0.19 | 0.044 (0.022 to 0.066)‡ | 0.019 (−0.002 to 0.040)‡‡ |
Seven participants with missing W/H-ratio excluded in crude and adjusted estimates
*P<0.05.
†P<0.01.
‡P<0.001.
§982 out of 8390 participants with missing value for income excluded in crude and adjusted estimates.
¶4 participants with missing employment status excluded in all models.
**Adjusted for age and gender.
††Adjusted for age, gender, urban–rural location, education and employment.
‡‡Adjusted for age, gender and urban–rural location.
§§Adjusted for age, gender, urban–rural location and education.
Ref, reference category; SES, socioeconomic status; US$, US dollar; W/H-ratio, waist–hip ratio.