Participant characteristics
| Characteristics | All (N=180) | Participants with ADL impairment (N=47) | Participants without ADL impairment (N=133) | P value |
| Age, years | 80.6±8.2 | 83.2±9.2 | 79.7±7.7 | 0.01 |
| Female | 90 (50) | 25 (53.1) | 65 (48.8) | 0.61 |
| Reasons for this admission: | ||||
| Shortness of breath | 140 (77.8) | 38 (80.9) | 102 (76.7) | 0.56 |
| Fatigue | 22 (12.2) | 4 (8.5) | 18 (13.5) | 0.45 |
| Chest pain | 14 (7.8) | 4 (8.5) | 10 (7.5) | 0.76 |
| Other | 4 (2.2) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (2.3) | 1.0 |
| NYHA classification: | ||||
| II | 27 (15.0) | 1 (2.1) | 26 (19.5) | <0.001 |
| III | 139 (77.2) | 37 (78.7) | 102 (76.7) | |
| IV | 14 (7.8) | 9 (19.1) | 5 (3.8) | |
| EF % | 41.9±10.2 | 40.64±10.4 | 42.3±10.1 | 0.35 |
| Preserved EF (EF ≥50%) | 40 (22.2) | 11 (23.4) | 29 (21.8) | 0.82 |
| Duration of hospitalisation, days | 16.3±42.7 | 10.7±5.8 | 12.8±7.4 | 0.06 |
| History of hospitalisation in the past year | 119 (66.1) | 43 (91.5) | 76 (57.1) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities: | ||||
| Hypertension | 160 (88.9) | 38 (80.9) | 122 (91.7) | 0.04 |
| Coronary heart disease | 141 (78.3) | 40 (85.1) | 101 (75.9) | 0.19 |
| Anaemia | 131 (72.8) | 35 (74.5) | 96 (72.2) | 0.76 |
| Diabetes | 55 (30.6) | 13 (27.7) | 42 (31.6) | 0.61 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 37 (20.6) | 13 (27.7) | 24 (18.0) | 0.16 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 36 (20) | 5 (10.6) | 31 (23.3) | 0.07 |
| Stroke | 28 (15.6) | 17 (36.2) | 11 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 15 (8.3) | 6 (12.8) | 9 (6.8) | 0.20 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 15 (8.3) | 3 (6.4) | 12 (9.0) | 0.57 |
| Total number of comorbidities | 4.51±1.14 | 4.83±1.15 | 4.39±1.12 | 0.02 |
Continuous data are presented as mean±SD; categorical data are shown as n (%)
ADL, activities of daily living; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF, ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association.