Secondary outcomes
| Proportion (%), unless otherwise specified | Group 1 (n=15) | Group 2 (n=15) | Group 3 (n=16) | Total (n=46) |
| Any of the following treatments used in the past 2 weeks (not including study medication) | ||||
| Cranberry products | ||||
| Yes | 4/12 (33.3%) | 2/9 (22.2%) | 2/9 (22.2%) | 8/30 (26.7%) |
| No | 8/12 (66.7%) | 7/9 (77.8%) | 7/9 (77.8%) | 22/30 (73.3%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Other fruit juice | ||||
| Yes | 0/12 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| No | 12/12 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Bicarbonate solution | ||||
| Yes | 0/12 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| No | 12/12 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Sodium/potassium citrate (cystitis sachets) | ||||
| Yes | 0/12 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 1/9 (11.1%) | 1/30 (3.3%) |
| No | 12/12 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 8/9 (88.9%) | 29/30 (96.7%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Uvacin/uva ursi (bearberry) | ||||
| Yes | 0/12 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| No | 12/12 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Pain relief (eg, paracetamol/ibuprofen) | ||||
| Yes | 5/12 (33.3%) | 1/9 (11.1%) | 5/9 (55.6%) | 11/30 (36.7%) |
| No | 7/12 (58.3%) | 8/9 (88.9%) | 4/9 (44.4%) | 19/30 (63.3%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Other | ||||
| Yes | 0/12 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/9 (0%) | 0/30 (0%) |
| No | 12/12 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 9/9 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| None | ||||
| Yes | 5/12 (41.7%) | 6/9 (66.7%) | 3/9 (33.3%) | 14/30 (46.7%) |
| No | 7/12 (58.3%) | 3/9 (33.3%) | 6/9 (66.7%) | 16/30 (53.3%) |
| Missing | 3/15 | 6/15 | 7/16 | 16/46 |
| Time off paid work or normal activities | ||||
| Yes | 5/13 (38.5%) | 2/10 (20%) | 3/9 (33.3%) | 10/32 (31.3%) |
| No of days, median (IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 5 (2–8) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) |
| No | 8/13 (61.5%) | 8/10 (80%) | 6/9 (66.7%) | 22/32 (68.8%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 5/15 | 7/16 | 14/46 |
| Healthcare professional consulted at GP practice | ||||
| Yes | 6/13 (46.2%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | 12/33 (36.4%) |
| No | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| GP at surgery | ||||
| Yes | 3/13 (23.1%) | 0/8 (0%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 5/33 (15.2%) |
| No of times, median (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | N/A | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) |
| No | 3/13 (23.1%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 3/12 (25%) | 7/33 (21.2%) |
| Not applicable | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| Nurse at surgery | ||||
| Yes | 2/13 (15.4%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 4/33 (12.1%) |
| No of times, median (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | 2 (2–2) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1.5) |
| No | 4/13 (30.8%) | 0/8 (0%) | 4/12 (33.3%) | 8/33 (24.2%) |
| Not applicable | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| GP at home | ||||
| Yes | 0/13 (0%) | 0/8 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/33 (0%) |
| No of times, median (IQR) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| No | 6/13 (46.2%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | 12/33 (36.4%) |
| Not applicable | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| OOH doctor | ||||
| Yes | 1/13 (7.7%) | 0/8 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 1/33 (3.0%) |
| No of times, median (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | N/A | N/A | 1 (1–1) |
| No | 5/13 (38.5%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 5/12 (41.7%) | 11/33 (33.3%) |
| Not applicable | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/18 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| Other | ||||
| Yes | 0/13 (0%) | 0/8 (0%) | 2/12 (16.7%)— pharmacist (1 participant), phoned GP (1 participant) | 2/33 (6.1%) |
| No of times, median (IQR) | N/A | N/A | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) |
| No | 6/13 (46.2%) | 1/8 (12.5%) | 3/12 (25%) | 10/33 (30.3%) |
| Not applicable | 7/13 (53.9%) | 7/8 (87.5%) | 7/12 (58.3%) | 21/33 (63.6%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 7/15 | 4/16 | 13/46 |
| Healthcare professional consulted at A&E | ||||
| Yes | 0/13 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) |
| No | 13/13 (100%) | 10/10 (100%) | 12/12 (100%) | 35/35 (100%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 5/15 | 4/16 | 11/46 |
| No of times, median (IQR) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Seen by a specialist (excluding hospital admission) | ||||
| Yes | 0/13 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) |
| No | 13/13 (100%) | 10/10 (100%) | 12/12 (100%) | 35/35 (100%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 5/15 | 4/16 | 11/46 |
| No of times, median (IQR) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Admitted to hospital | ||||
| Yes | 0/13 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) |
| No | 13/13 (100%) | 10/10 (100%) | 12/12 (100%) | 35/35 (100%) |
| Missing | 2/15 | 5/15 | 4/16 | 11/46 |
| No of nights, median (IQR) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Positive midstream urine culture | ||||
| Yes | 10/15 (66.7%) | 7/15 (46.7%) | 8/16 (50%) | 25/46 (54.3%) |
| No | 5/15 (33.3%) | 8/15 (53.3%) | 8/16 (50%) | 21/46 (45.7%) |
| Missing | 0/15 | 0/15 | 0/16 | 0/46 |
| Proportion with a positive midstream urine culture | 54.3% | |||
All outcomes reported in relation to the 2 weeks following trial enrolment.
Group 1—immediate antibiotics alone (control); group 2—immediate antibiotics and immediate cranberry; group 3—immediate cranberry and delayed antibiotics.
A&E, Accident and Emergency; GP, general practitioner; N/A, not applicable; OOH, out-of-hours.