Table 1

Baseline characteristics of participants

Proportion (%), unless otherwise specifiedGroup 1
(n=15)		Group 2
(n=15)		Group 3
(n=16)		Total
(n=46)
Age in years, mean (SD) (range)52.4
(21.4)
(18–81)		52.4
(22.4)
(19–81)		40.8
(14.0)
(20–63)		48.3
(19.9)
(18–81)
Previous UTI
 Yes12/15
(80%)		12/13 (92.3%)11/13 (84.6%)35/41 (85.4%)
 No3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13
(15.4%)		6/41
(14.6)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Previous UTI in the past year
 Yes7/15
(46.7%)		6/13
(46.2%)		6/13 (46.2%)19/41 (46.3%)
 No5/15
(33.3%)		6/13
(46.2%)		5/13 (38.5%)16/41 (39.0%)
 N/A (have never had a previous UTI)3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
If had a UTI in the past year, number of months since last UTI—mean (SD), median (range)5.4 (4.5),
4 (0–12) n=7		5 (4.2),
5 (0–11) n=5		7 (3.6),
7 (3–12) n=5		5.8 (4.2),
5 (0–12) n=17
 Can’t remember0/15
(0%)		1/13
(7.7%)		1/12
(8.3%)		2/40
(5%)
 Not applicable8/15
(53.3%)		7/13
(53.9%)		6/12
(50%)		21/40 (52.5%)
 Missing0/152/154/166/46
Number of UTIs in the past year
 05/15
(33.3%)		7/13
(53.9%)		4/13 (30.8%)16/41 (39.0%)
 13/15
(20%)		2/13
(15.4%)		5/13 (38.5%)10/41 (24.4%)
 22/15
(13.3%)		2/13
(15.4%)		1/13
(7.7%)		5/41 (12.2%)
 3 or more2/15
(13.3%)		1/13
(7.7%)		1/13
(7.7%)		4/41 (9.8%)
 Not applicable
 (have never had a previous UTI)		3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Were you expecting antibiotic treatment?
 Yes13/15
(86.7%)		10/13 (76.9%)8/13 (61.5%)31/41 (75.6%)
 No0/15
(0%)		1/13
(7.7%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/41 (4.9%)
 Unsure2/15
(13.3%)		2/13
(15.4%)		4/13 (30.8%)8/41 (19.5%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Were you expecting tests/investigations?
 Yes12/15
(80%)		10/13 (76.9%)8/13 (61.5%)30/41 (73.2%)
 No3/15
(20%)		3/13
(23.1%)		4/13 (30.8%)10/41 (24.4%)
 Unsure0/15
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		1/13
(7.7%)		1/41 (2.4%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Were you expecting advice?
 Yes12/15
(80%)		11/12 (91.7%)13/13 (100%)36/40 (90%)
 No2/15
(13.3%)		1/12
(8.3%)		0/13
(0%)		3/40 (7.5%)
 Unsure1/15
(6.7%)		0/12
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		1/40 (2.5%)
 Missing0/153/153/166/46
Were you expecting something else?
 Yes0/15
(0%)		1/13
(7.7%)—information and prescription (1 participant)		0/13
(0%)		1/41 (2.4%)
 No15/15
(100%)		10/13 (76.9%)11/13 (84.6%)36/41 (87.8%)
 Unsure0/15
(0%)		2/13
(15.4%)		2/13 (15.4%)4/41 (9.8%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Was your last UTI treated with antibiotics?
 Yes8/15
(53.3%)		9/13
(69.2%)		10/13 (76.9%)27/41 (65.9%)
 No4/15
(26.7%)		3/13
(23.1%)		1/13
(7.7%)		8/41 (19.5%)
 Not applicable3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Was your last UTI treated with something other than antibiotics?
 Yes2/15
(13.3%)—
cystitis sachets (2 participants)		1/13
(7.7%)—cystitis sachets (1 participant)		0/13
(0%)		3/41 (7.3%)
 No10/15
(66.7%)		11/13 (84.6%)11/13 (84.6%)32/41 (78.1%)
 Not applicable3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Did you receive no treatment for your last UTI?
 Yes1/15
(6.7%)		0/13
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		1/41 (2.4%)
 No11/15
(73.3%)		12/13 (92.3%)11/13 (84.6%)34/41 (82.9%)
 Not applicable3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Unable to remember how last UTI was treated
 Yes1/15
(6.7%)		1/13
(7.7%)		1/13
(7.7%)		3/41 (7.3%)
 No11/15
(73.3%)		11/13 (84.6%)10/13 (76.9%)32/41 (78.1%)
 Not applicable3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Treatments tried before consulting primary care
 Cranberry products
 Yes2/15
(13.3%)		3/13
(23.1%)		3/13 (23.1%)8/41 (19.5%)
 No13/15
(86.7%)		10/13 (76.9%)10/13 (76.9%)33/41 (80.5%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Other fruit juice
 Yes1/15
(93.3%)		1/13
(7.7%)		0/13
(0%)		2/41
(4.9%)
 No14/15
(93.3%)		12/13 (92.3%)13/13 (100%)39/41 (95.1%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Bicarbonate solution
 Yes0/15
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		0/41
(0%)
 No15/15
(100%)		13/13
(100%)		13/13 (100%)41/41 (100%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Sodium/potassium citrate (cystitis sachets)
 Yes3/15
(20%)		7/13
(53.9%)		1/13
(7.7%)		11/41 (26.8%)
 No12/15
(80%)		6/13
(46.2%)		12/13 (92.3%)30/41 (73.2%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Uvacin/uva ursi (bearberry)
 Yes0/15
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		0/41
(0%)
 No15/15
(100%)		13/13
(100%)		13/13 (100%)41/41 (100%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Pain relief (eg, paracetamol/ibuprofen)
 Yes6/15
(40%)		7/13
(53.9%)		4/13 (30.8%)17/41 (41.5%)
 No9/15
(60%)		6/13
(46.2%)		9/13 (69.2%)24/41 (58.5%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 Other treatment used?
 Yes2/15
(13.3%)—
water (2 participants)		2/13
(15.4%)—
tea tree in bath (1 participant);
sachets (1 participant)		2/13 (15.4%)—
water (2 participants)		6/41 (14.6%)
 No13/15
(86.7%)		11/13 (84.6%)11/13 (84.6%)35/41 (85.4%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
 None
 Yes7/15
(46.7%)		2/13
(15.4%)		5/13 (38.5%)14/41 (34.2%)
 No8/15
(53.3%)		11/13 (84.6%)8/13 (61.5%)27/41 (65.9%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Number of days symptomatic
 01/15
(6.7%)		2/13
(15.4%)		1/13
(7.7%)		4/41 (9.8%)
 1 3/15
(20%)		1/13
(7.7%)		2/13 (15.4%)6/41 (14.6%)
 2 4/15
(26.7%)		3/13
(23.1%)		5/13 (38.5%)12/41 (29.3%)
 32/15
(13.3%)		2/13
(15.4%)		4/13 (30.8%)8/41 (19.5%)
 >3 5/15
(33.3%)		5/13
(38.5%)		1/13
(7.7%)		11/41 (26.8%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Belief that cranberry can help symptoms
 Yes10/15
(66.7%)		7/13
(53.9%)		8/13 (61.5%)25/41 (61%)
 No1/15
(6.7%)		0/13
(0%)		0/13
(0%)		1/41 (2.4%)
 Unsure4/15
(26.7%)		6/13
(46.2%)		5/13 (38.5%)15/41 (36.6%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46
Belief that symptoms can get better without antibiotics
 Yes5/15
(33.3%)		1/13
(7.7%)		4/13 (30.8%)10/41 (24.4%)
 No4/15
(26.7%)		4/13
(30.8%)		2/13 (15.4%)10/41 (24.4%)
 Unsure6/15
(40%)		8/13
(61.5%)		7/13 (53.9%)21/41 (51.2%)
 Missing0/152/153/165/46

  • Group 1—immediate antibiotics alone (control); group 2—immediate antibiotics and immediate cranberry; group 3—immediate cranberry and delayed antibiotics.

  • N/A, not applicable; UTI, urinary tract infection.