Table 5

COVID-19 risk factors by subgroups of age, sex and region of birth

	Type 2 diabetes	Obesity	Hypertension	CKD	CVD	VTE	Asthma	SID	Heart failure
Age
21–56 years	4.5 (3.3–6.2)	7.6 (5.3–11.0)	2.6 (2.0–3.3)	7.7 (3.4–17.5)	1.6 (0.8–3.3)	3.9 (2.0–7.6)	4.9 (3.3–7.3)	6.7 (3.0–14.9)	5.4 (2.4–12.2)
57–67 years	2.6 (2.0–3.4)*	3.7 (2.5–5.4)*	1.7 (1.3–2.1)*	3.2 (1.6–6.4)	1.4 (1.0–2.0)	1.9 (1.1–3.2)	3.7 (2.7–5.1)	2.5 (1.1–5.5)	1.5 (0.8–2.6)*
68–87 years	1.4 (1.1–1.9)*	2.2 (1.3–3.7)*	1.3 (1.0–1.7)*	1.5 (0.8–2.7)*	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	1.4 (0.8–2.3)*	2.3 (1.5–3.5)*	2.0 (1.2–3.7)*	0.8 (0.5–1.4)*
Sex
Male	2.0 (1.7–2.4)	3.1 (2.3–4.3)	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	2.2 (1.4–3.4)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	1.8 (1.3–2.6)	2.3 (1.7–3.1)	2.1 (1.1–3.9)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)
Female	3.5 (2.5–5.0)	3.2 (2.0–5.0)	1.8 (1.3–2.5)	4.2 (1.9–9.3)	1.2 (0.7–2.2)	2.2 (1.1–4.2)	3.9 (2.6–5.8)	3.1 (1.8–5.3)	2.0 (0.9–4.4)
P value	0.001	0.922	0.327	0.113	0.416	0.558	0.030	0.019	0.103
Region of birth
Outside EU15	3.3 (2.6–4.2)	2.3 (1.6–3.4)	1.8 (1.5–2.3)	2.5 (1.4–4.6)	1.4 (1.0–1.9)	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	3.2 (2.2–4.5)	2.1 (1.1–4.0)	1.3 (0.8–2.31)
EU 15/Nordic	2.0 (1.6–2.6)	3.7 (2.7–5.1)	1.6 (1.3–1.9)	2.6 (1.6–4.2)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	2.0 (1.4–3.0)	2.7 (1.9–3.7)	2.8 (1.7–4.6)	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
P value	0.004	0.066	0.476	0.872	0.072	0.248	0.584	0.584	0.651

ORs for COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation compared with matched control subjects by tertiles of age, sex and region of birth (EU15).
P values denote likelihood-ratio tests between a model with and one without an interaction term between the indicator variable for the subgroup and the risk factor added to model 2. Age subgroups were compared with 21–56 years, p values for interaction are presented as *P value<0.05.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease (history of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke or peripheral arterial disease); SID, systemic inflammatory disease; VTE, venous thromboembolic disease.