Demographic and clinical features and mortality outcomes of a whole adult population (n=228 632) categorised according to their hospital admission status during 12 weeks of the UK COVID-19 pandemic
| Whole population | Not admitted | Non-COVID-19 admission | COVID-19 admission | ||
| Number (% of total) | 228 632 | 223 074 (97.6) | 4628 (2) | 930 (0.4) | |
| Age (years) | 50.0±18.8 | 47.6±18.5 | 63.1±20.5 | 71.4±16.5 | p<0.001 |
| Gender (male, %) | 114 866 (50.2) | 50.3 | 48.4 | 55.2 | p<0.001 |
| Ethnicity (% in category) | |||||
| White | 142 781 (62.5) | 62.1 | 77.7 | 73.5 | p<0.001 |
| South Asian | 44 229 (19.3) | 19.6 | 10.4 | 8.9 | |
| Black | 17 858 (7.8) | 7.9 | 4.6 | 12.2 | |
| Mixed | 5809 (2.5) | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.6 | |
| Chinese | 806 (0.4) | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| Unknown | 17 149 (7.5) | 7.5 | 5.8 | 4.5 | |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation | 32.8±15.9 | 32.9±15.9 | 30.4±14.4 | 30.7±14.4 | p<0.001 |
| Smoking status (% never) | 148 046 (64.8) | 65 | 73 | 81 | p<0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3 (±5.7) | 27.3 (±5.7) | 27.8 (±5.1) | 27.9 (±4.6) | p<0.001 |
| Prior admission (any 1 year) (≥3) | 15 119 (7%) (0.6%) | 6% (0.4%) | 31% (7%) | 35% (8%) | p<0.001 |
| Any comorbidity (≥3) | 110 564 (48%) (12%) | 48% (11%) | 77% (41%) | 88% (58%) | p<0.001 |
| Palliative care registered (%) | 1530 (0.7) | 0.5 | 4.9 | 13.9 | p<0.001 |
| Nursing home resident (%) | 2130 (0.9) | 0.8 | 4.7 | 9.7 | p<0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 47 830 (20.9) | 20.2 | 47.6 | 64.2 | p<0.001 |
| Depression (%) | 39 153 (17) | 17.0 | 22.4 | 18.7 | p<0.001 |
| Asthma (%) | 30 335 (13.3) | 13.2 | 16.1 | 16.3 | p<0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 20 529 (9.0) | 8.6 | 21.4 | 33.8 | p<0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease (%) | 10 965 (4.8) | 4.4 | 19.9 | 23.2 | p<0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 10 265 (4.5) | 4.1 | 17.6 | 29.0 | p<0.001 |
| Cancer (%) | 9796 (4.3) | 4.0 | 16.0 | 17.8 | p<0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 6771 (3.0) | 2.6 | 4.7 | 8.7 | p<0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 6762 (3.0) | 2.7 | 12.3 | 15.1 | p<0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 5359 (2.3) | 2.2 | 8.8 | 13.5 | p<0.001 |
| Cardiac failure (%) | 4940 (2.2) | 1.9 | 13.1 | 20.8 | p<0.001 |
| Osteoarthritis (%) | 4267 (1.9) | 1.7 | 8.0 | 11.2 | p<0.001 |
| Epilepsy (%) | 4035 (1.8) | 1.7 | 3.8 | 4.5 | p<0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (%) | 3284 (1.4) | 1.4 | 4.2 | 6.2 | p<0.001 |
| Mental health disorder (%) | 2967 (1.3) | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | p<0.05 |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 2724 (1.2) | 1.1 | 4.7 | 8.7 | p<0.001 |
| Dementia (%) | 2304 (1.0) | 0.9 | 4.0 | 7.8 | p<0.001 |
| Learning difficulties (%) | 1597 (0.7) | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.2 | p<0.05 |
| Vital status (n, % died) | 1093 (0.5) | 407, 0.2 | 333, 7.2* | 353, 38† | p<0.001 |
Data are presented as mean±SD or as percentages. Between-groups analysis is by analysis of variance or by χ2 for scale or categorical variables, respectively. Comorbidities are listed in descending order of frequency.
*237 non-COVID-19 hospital deaths, 94 postdischarge deaths in community and 2 hospital COVID-19 deaths.
†270 hospital COVID-19 deaths, 47 non-COVID-19 hospital deaths and 36 postdischarge deaths in community.