Table 1

Overview of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR); the CFIR provides constructs that have been associated with effective implementation6

Characteristics of interventionInner settingOuter settingIndividuals involvedImplementation process

  • Intervention source

  • Evidence strength and quality

  • Relative advantage

  • Adaptability

  • Trialability

  • Complexity

  • Design quality

  • Cost

  • Structural characteristics

  • Networks and communications

  • Culture

  • Implementation climate

  • Patient needs and resources

  • Cosmopolitanism

  • Peer pressure

  • External policies and incentives

  • Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention

  • Self-efficacy

  • Individual stage of change

  • Individual identification with organisation

  • Other personal attributes

  • Planning

  • Engaging

  • Executing

  • Reflecting and evaluating