Comorbidities of patients with COVID-19
| All n=1376 n (%) | Metro n=1017 n (%) | Rural n=359 n (%) | P value | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Overweight/Obesity | 269 (19.5) | 208 (20.5) | 61 (17.0) | 0.153 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 17 (1.2) | 15 (1.5) | 2 (0.6) | 0.175 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 347 (25.2) | 273 (26.9) | 74 (20.6) | 0.019 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 83 (6.0) | 77 (7.6) | 6 (1.7) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 564 (41.0) | 454 (44.7) | 109 (30.4) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac failure | 58 (4.2) | 51 (5.0) | 7 (1.9) | 0.013 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 25 (1.8) | 24 (2.4) | 1 (0.3) | 0.011 |
| Asthma | 67 (4.9) | 52 (5.1) | 15 (4.2) | 0.477 |
| COPD | 50 (3.6) | 38 (3.7) | 12 (3.3) | 0.729 |
| Post-TB lung damage | 12 (0.9) | 8 (0.8) | 4 (1.1) | 0.567 |
| HIV | 195 (14.2) | 156 (15.4) | 39 (10.9) | 0.036 |
| Active TB on treatment | 23 (1.7) | 20 (2.0) | 3 (0.8) | 0.150 |
| Previous TB | 49 (3.6) | 40 (3.9) | 9 (2.5) | 0.209 |
| Cancer on treatment | 10 (0.7) | 9 (0.9) | 1 (0.3) | 0.244 |
| Previous cancer | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.400 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 60 (4.4) | 55 (5.4) | 5 (1.4) | 0.001 |
| None | 450 (32.7) | 276 (27.2) | 174 (48.5) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco smoker | 95/621 (15.3) | 80/490 (16.3) | 15/131 (11.5) | 0.168 |
| Previous control of comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes n=348 | ||||
| Normal HbA1c <7% | 32 (9.2) | 30 (10.8) | 2 (2.9) | 0.002 |
| Controlled HbA1c 7%–8% | 41 (11.8) | 34 (12.2) | 7 (10.1) | |
| Uncontrolled HbA1c >8 and <10% | 68 (19.5) | 56 (20.1) | 12 (17.4) | |
| Very uncontrolled ≥10% | 131 (37.6) | 110 (39.4) | 21 (30.4) | |
| Unknown | 76 (21.8) | 49 (17.6) | 27 (39.1) | |
| Hypertension n=446 | ||||
| Well controlled | 165 (37.0) | 150 (41.6) | 14 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Uncontrolled | 88 (19.7) | 75 (20.8) | 13 (15.5) | |
| Not known | 193 (43.3) | 136 (37.7) | 57 (67.9) | |
| Asthma n=72 | ||||
| Well controlled | 23 (31.9) | 21 (51.2) | 2 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Partly controlled | 10 (13.9) | 6 (14.6) | 4 (12.9) | |
| Uncontrolled | 5 (6.9) | 5 (12.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unknown | 34 (47.2) | 9 (22.0) | 25 (80.6) | |
| COPD n=56 | ||||
| Mild | 7 (12.5) | 5 (15.6) | 2 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 11 (19.6) | 9 (28.1) | 2 (8.3) | |
| Severe | 13 (23.2) | 12 (37.5) | 1 (4.2) | |
| Unknown | 25 (44.6) | 6 (18.8) | 19 (79.2) | |
| HIV n=180 | ||||
| Well controlled | 96 (53.3) | 79 (57.7) | 17 (39.5) | 0.004 |
| Uncontrolled | 22 (12.2) | 15 (10.9) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Unknown | 43 (23.9) | 25 (18.2) | 18 (41.9) | |
| No ART | 16 (8.9) | 16 (11.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| New on ART | 3 (1.7) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (2.3) | |
ART, antiretroviral treatment; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; TB, tuberculosis.