Variables | Poor health | WHO-5 screening for depression | Emotional loneliness | Social loneliness | Loneliness emotional and/or social |
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Red zone (main effects) | 0.859 (0.556 to 1.329) | 1.526 (1.129 to 2.063) | 3.362 (2.368 to 4.774) | 0.565 (0.301 to 1.06) | 2.115 (1.067 to 4.191) |
Lockdown stage 4 (main effects) | 1.219 (0.755 to 1.968) | 1.428 (0.878 to 2.325) | 1.983 (1.198 to 3.283) | 0.854 (0.443 to 1.643) | 1.978 (1.064 to 3.678) |
Interaction Red zone and lockdown stage 4 | 1.148 (0.65 to 2.028) | 1.752 (1.065 to 2.882) | 0.821 (0.5 to 1.348) | 2.96 (1.306 to 6.709) | 1.254 (0.516 to 3.05) |
Age (ref. 30–64 years) | |||||
Less than 30 years | 0.234 (0.075 to 0.731) | Omitted | 0.249 (0.093 to 0.667) | 0.345 (0.114 to 1.048) | 1.079 (0.327 to 3.56) |
More than 65 years | 2.085 (1.494 to 2.908) | 0.842 (0.619 to 1.146) | 0.757 (0.552 to 1.039) | 1.224 (0.816 to 1.836) | 1.524 (0.873 to 2.66) |
Females (ref. males) | 2.22 (1.482 to 3.326) | 0.872 (0.677 to 1.123) | 0.627 (0.473 to 0.832) | 0.828 (0.479 to 1.433) | 1.388 (0.789 to 2.445) |
Working (ref. not working) | 1.615 (0.882 to 2.955) | 0.827 (0.635 to 1.079) | 0.763 (0.573 to 1.016) | 1.521 (0.703 to 3.292) | 2.262 (0.875 to 5.847) |
Living arrangements (ref. large household) | |||||
Alone | 2.131 (1.303 to 3.484) | 1.193 (0.779 to 1.825) | 2.986 (1.648 to 5.41) | 0.859 (0.401 to 1.843) | 0.828 (0.35 to 1.959) |
With my spouse | 0.694 (0.466 to 1.034) | 2 (1.43 to 2.796) | 1.271 (0.856 to 1.889) | 3.152 (1.292 to 7.686) | 1.077 (0.564 to 2.056) |
With non-related others | 10.037 (2.366 to 42.582) | 0.912 (0.478 to 1.741) | 0.328 (0.134 to 0.8) | 1.713 (0.389 to 7.53) | 0.52 (0.172 to 1.569) |
Financial difficulties (ref. None) | |||||
Some difficulties | 2.244 (1.592 to 3.164) | 5.344 (3.942 to 7.246) | 1.621 (1.111 to 2.366) | 2.46 (1.496 to 4.045) | 1.995 (1.091 to 3.647) |
Great difficulties | 5.514 (3.882 to 7.834) | 6.895 (4.86 to 9.783) | 2.664 (1.823 to 3.895) | 3.59 (2.22 to 5.806) | 3.474 (1.873 to 6.444) |
Rural region (ref. urban) | 0.986 (0.766 to 1.27) | 1.243 (0.978 to 1.58) | 1.192 (0.913 to 1.556) | 0.657 (0.435 to 0.992) | 1.023 (0.669 to 1.563) |
Has diabetes (ref. no) | 1.287 (0.967 to 1.715) | 0.652 (0.471 to 0.902) | 0.705 (0.504 to 0.987) | 0.931 (0.664 to 1.304) | 0.692 (0.463 to 1.033) |
Bold results are significant.