| n | % | n | % | n | % |
Sociodemographic characteristics |
Age |
10–14 | 5462 | 55.4 | 2789 | 56.8 | 2673 | 54 |
15–17 | 3062 | 31.1 | 1524 | 31.1 | 1538 | 31.1 |
18–19 | 1332 | 13.5 | 594 | 12.1 | 738 | 14.9 |
Place of residence |
Rural | 6887 | 69.9 | 3438 | 70.1 | 3449 | 69.7 |
Non-slum urban | 1763 | 17.9 | 873 | 17.8 | 890 | 18 |
Slum | 1206 | 12.2 | 596 | 12.2 | 610 | 12.3 |
Educational status |
No education | 221 | 2.24 | 161 | 3.28 | 60 | 1.21 |
Partial primary | 2604 | 26.4 | 1518 | 30.9 | 1086 | 21.9 |
Complete primary | 1395 | 14.2 | 658 | 13.4 | 737 | 14.9 |
Partial secondary | 4357 | 44.2 | 1973 | 40.2 | 2384 | 48.2 |
Complete secondary or above | 1279 | 13 | 597 | 12.2 | 682 | 13.8 |
Maternal education |
No education | 3714 | 37.7 | 1835 | 37.4 | 1879 | 38 |
Partial primary | 1270 | 12.9 | 633 | 12.9 | 637 | 12.9 |
Complete primary | 1721 | 17.5 | 844 | 17.2 | 877 | 17.7 |
Partial secondary | 2130 | 21.6 | 1081 | 22 | 1049 | 21.2 |
Complete secondary or above | 1021 | 10.4 | 514 | 10.5 | 507 | 10.2 |
Paternal education |
No education | 4140 | 42 | 2026 | 41.3 | 2114 | 42.7 |
Partial primary | 1049 | 10.6 | 532 | 10.8 | 517 | 10.5 |
Complete primary | 1467 | 14.9 | 713 | 14.5 | 754 | 15.2 |
Partial secondary | 1699 | 17.2 | 875 | 17.8 | 824 | 16.7 |
Complete secondary or above | 1501 | 15.2 | 761 | 15.5 | 740 | 15 |
Maternal occupation |
Housewife | 8499 | 86.2 | 4249 | 86.6 | 4250 | 85.9 |
Other | 1357 | 13.8 | 658 | 13.4 | 699 | 14.1 |
Paternal occupation |
Farmer | 1556 | 15.8 | 777 | 15.8 | 779 | 15.8 |
Day labourer | 2418 | 24.6 | 1188 | 24.2 | 1230 | 24.9 |
Salaried staff | 1454 | 14.8 | 744 | 15.2 | 710 | 14.4 |
Business | 2268 | 23 | 1149 | 23.4 | 1119 | 22.6 |
Others | 2155 | 21.9 | 1049 | 21.4 | 1106 | 22.4 |
Marital status |
Currently married | 725 | 7.36 | 43 | 0.88 | 682 | 13.8 |
Others | 9131 | 92.6 | 4864 | 99.1 | 4267 | 86.2 |
Religion |
Muslim | 8611 | 87.4 | 4272 | 87.1 | 4339 | 87.7 |
Other | 1245 | 12.6 | 635 | 12.9 | 610 | 12.3 |
Household size |
≤4 | 5352 | 54.3 | 2725 | 55.5 | 2627 | 53.1 |
≥5 | 4504 | 45.7 | 2182 | 44.5 | 2322 | 46.9 |
Less than 5-year-old household member |
Yes | 2688 | 27.3 | 1173 | 23.9 | 1515 | 30.6 |
No | 7168 | 72.7 | 3734 | 76.1 | 3434 | 69.4 |
6–9-year-old household member |
Yes | 3043 | 31.8 | 1475 | 31 | 1568 | 32.6 |
No | 6526 | 68.2 | 3286 | 69 | 3240 | 67.4 |
Another adolescent household member |
Yes | 4789 | 48.6 | 2399 | 48.9 | 2390 | 48.3 |
No | 5067 | 51.4 | 2508 | 51.1 | 2559 | 51.7 |
≥60-year-old household member |
Yes | 2738 | 27.8 | 1360 | 27.7 | 1378 | 27.8 |
No | 7118 | 72.2 | 3547 | 72.3 | 3571 | 72.2 |
Food security status of household |
Food secure | 5680 | 57.7 | 2817 | 57.4 | 2863 | 57.9 |
Mild food insecurity | 2477 | 25.1 | 1244 | 25.4 | 1233 | 24.9 |
Moderate food insecurity | 498 | 5.06 | 248 | 5.06 | 250 | 5.05 |
Severe food insecurity | 1196 | 12.1 | 595 | 12.1 | 601 | 12.2 |
Household use of fuel |
Clean | 2155 | 21.9 | 1074 | 21.9 | 1081 | 21.9 |
Unclean | 7696 | 78.1 | 3830 | 78.1 | 3866 | 78.2 |
Household wealth |
Richest | 1961 | 19.9 | 975 | 19.9 | 986 | 19.9 |
Richer | 1972 | 20 | 983 | 20 | 989 | 20 |
Middle | 1970 | 20 | 981 | 20 | 989 | 20 |
Poorer | 1969 | 20 | 981 | 20 | 988 | 20 |
Poorest | 1979 | 20.1 | 984 | 20.1 | 995 | 20.1 |
Lifestyle characteristics |
Smoking |
Currently smoke | 194 | 1.97 | 191 | 3.89 | 3 | 0.06 |
Currently do not smoke | 9662 | 98 | 4716 | 96.1 | 4946 | 99.9 |
Any tobacco use |
Yes | 291 | 2.95 | 245 | 4.99 | 46 | 0.93 |
No | 9565 | 97.1 | 4662 | 95 | 4903 | 99.1 |
Dietary diversity |
Inadequate (<5 food groups per day) | 5293 | 53.7 | 2553 | 52 | 2740 | 55.4 |
Adequate (≥5 food groups per day) | 4563 | 46.3 | 2354 | 48 | 2209 | 44.6 |
Fruits and vegetable intake | | | | | | |
Insufficient (<5 servings per day) | 9080 | 92.1 | 4451 | 90.7 | 4629 | 93.5 |
Sufficient (≥5 servings per day) | 776 | 7.87 | 456 | 9.29 | 320 | 6.47 |
Processed food intake |
Yes | 7576 | 76.9 | 3982 | 81.2 | 3594 | 72.6 |
No | 2280 | 23.1 | 925 | 18.9 | 1355 | 27.4 |
Consumption of fortified oil |
Yes | 3013 | 30.6 | 1484 | 30.2 | 1529 | 30.9 |
No | 6843 | 69.4 | 3423 | 69.8 | 3420 | 69.1 |
Consumption of iodised salt |
Yes | 7115 | 72.2 | 3526 | 71.9 | 3589 | 72.6 |
No | 2736 | 27.8 | 1378 | 28.1 | 1358 | 27.5 |
Physical activity |
Insufficient (<150 minutes of moderate or <75 minutes of vigorous physical activity or equivalent/week) | 4128 | 41.9 | 1613 | 32.9 | 2515 | 50.8 |
Sufficient (≥150 minutes of moderate or ≥75 minutes of vigorous physical activity or equivalent/week) | 5728 | 58.1 | 3294 | 67.1 | 2434 | 49.2 |
Sedentary time/day |
≤6 hours | 4122 | 41.8 | 2141 | 43.6 | 1981 | 40 |
>6 hours | 5734 | 58.2 | 2766 | 56.4 | 2968 | 60 |
Television viewing time/day |
None | 3520 | 35.7 | 1678 | 34.2 | 1842 | 37.2 |
≤60 minutes | 3519 | 35.7 | 1915 | 39 | 1604 | 32.4 |
61–120 minutes | 1883 | 19.1 | 896 | 18.3 | 987 | 19.9 |
≥121 minutes | 934 | 9.48 | 418 | 8.52 | 516 | 10.4 |
Anthropometric characteristics |
Height |
<140 cm | 1780 | 18.1 | 1021 | 20.8 | 759 | 15.4 |
≥140–<160 cm | 5814 | 59.1 | 1861 | 38 | 3953 | 80.1 |
≥160 cm | 2243 | 22.8 | 2018 | 41.2 | 225 | 4.56 |
Weight |
<30 kg | 1602 | 16.3 | 949 | 19.4 | 653 | 13.2 |
≤30–<50 kg | 5809 | 59 | 2446 | 49.9 | 3363 | 68 |
≥50 kg | 2433 | 24.7 | 1505 | 30.7 | 928 | 18.8 |
Body Mass Index |
Underweight | 5689 | 57.9 | 3110 | 63.5 | 2579 | 52.3 |
Normal | 3180 | 32.3 | 1405 | 28.7 | 1775 | 36 |
Overweight and obese | 965 | 9.81 | 383 | 7.82 | 582 | 11.8 |