Outcome measures at baseline and follow-up assessment points
| Outcome* | Baseline | 3-month follow-up | 6-month follow-up | ||||
| SPA (n=20) | Control (n=21) | SPA (n=17) | Control (n=19) | SPA (n=18) | Control (n=16) | SPA−control (95% CI)† | |
| ICECAP-A | 0.830 (0.124), 17; (0.534, 0.969) | 0.755 (0.157), 20; (0.269, 0.946) | 0.819 (0.096), 16; (0.663, 0.968) | 0.748 (0.181), 19; (0.249, 0.946) | 0.813 (0.100), 18; (0.599, 947) | 0.777 (0.162), 16; (0.513, 973) | −0.011 (−0.098 to 0.076) |
| SAQOL overall | 3.6 (0.8), 20; (2.4, 4.9) | 3.5 (0.6), 21; (2.7, 4.9) | 3.6 (0.8), 17; (2.5, 4.9) | 3.6 (0.7), 19; (2.0, 4.6) | 3.7 (0.8), 18; (2.4, 4.7) | 3.4 (0.7), 15; (2.2, 4.6) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.7) |
| SAQOL physical | 3.7 (0.9), 19; (2.0, 5.0) | 3.8 (0.8), 18; (2.7, 4.9) | 4.0 (0.8), 17; (2.6, 5.0) | 3.7 (0.9), 17; (2.1, 4.9) | 3.9 (0.8), 18; (2.6, 5.0) | 3.6 (1.0), 15; (2.1, 4.9) | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.6) |
| SAQOL communication | 3.2 (1.2), 18; (1.1, 5.0) | 3.3 (0.8), 21; (2.0, 4.9) | 3.3 (1.1), 17; (1.6, 4.7) | 3.6 (0.9), 18; (2.1, 5.0) | 3.5 (1.0), 17; (1.7, 4.7) | 3.5 (0.7), 15; (2.6, 5.0) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.7) |
| SAQOL psychosocial | 3.3 (1.1), 20; (1.4, 5.0) | 3.3 (0.8), 21; (1.8, 4.9) | 3.4 (0.9), 17; (2.3, 4.9) | 3.5 (0.9), 19; (1.9, 4.7) | 3.6 (1.0), 18; (1.6, 4.8) | 3.2 (0.9), 16; (1.9, 4.6) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) |
| EQ-5D-5L | 0.711 (0.242), 19;(0.223, 1.00) | 0.729 (0.164), 20;(0.448, 1.00) | 0.683 (0.265), 17; (−0.019, 1.00) | 0.727 (0.239), 19;(0.250, 1.00) | 0.748 (0.239), 18; (0.043, 1.00) | 0.651 (0.241), 16; (0.218, 1.00) | 0.086 (−0.051 to 0.223) |
| EQ-5D health state (0–100) | 67 (22), 19; (25, 100) | 64 (21), 21; (15, 96) | 70 (17), 17; (50, 100) | 59 (23), 19; (18, 90) | 74 (15), 18; (50, 100) | 66 (25), 16; (30, 100) | 4 (−9 to 17) |
| mRNLI total | 20.4 (7.1), 19; (9.9, 33.0) | 20.1 (6.7), 21; (10.0, 33.0) | 23.1 (5.3), 17; (15.0, 33.0) | 22.1 (8.0), 19; (3.0, 33.0) | 23.9 (6.2), 18; (14.0, 33.0) | 22.1 (7.5), 16;(8.0, 32.0) | 1.0 (−3.5 to 5.5) |
| mRNLI daily functioning | 12.8 (5.4), 18; (2.0, 21.0) | 12.2 (4.9), 19; (2.0, 21.0) | 14.3 (4.0), 17; (6.0, 21.0) | 13.7 (5.3), 18; (1.0, 21.0) | 15.1 (4.6), 17; (8.0, 21.0) | 13.4 (5.7), 16;(5.0, 21.0) | 1.9 (−1.7 to 5.4) |
| mRNLI personal integration | 7.9 (3.1), 19; (3.0, 12.0) | 8.0 (2.9), 21; (3.0, 12.0) | 8.8 (2.0), 17; (6.0, 12.0) | 8.1 (2.9), 19; (2.0, 12.0) | 8.9 (2.1), 17; (4.0, 12.0) | 8.7 (2.5), 16; (3.0, 11.0) | 0.7 (−0.8 to 2.2) |
| COAST | 60 (18), 20; (25, 86) | 63 (16), 20; (36, 94) | 69 (16), 18; (38, 94) | 72 (15), 16; (53, 99) | −1 (−7 to 5) | ||
| CarerQoL | 9.2 (2.3), 5; (6.0, 12.0) | 9.6 (2.6), 7; (6, 14) | 9.0 (2.7), 4; (7, 13) | 9.0 (3.1), 5; (5, 13) | Not reported | ||
| CarerQoL level of happiness | 6.8 (0.8), 5; (6.0, 8.0) | 7.4 (1.8), 7; (5.0, 10.0) | 6.0 (3.4), 4; (2, 10) | 7.6 (1.8), 5; (5.0, 10.0) | Not reported | ||
Higher scores indicate better outcomes on outcome measures (ie, greater quality of life, greater reintegration into normal living, more effective communication).
*Outcomes are reported as mean (SD), number of cases; (minimum, maximum).
†Analyses adjusted for baseline score, gender, site, aphasia severity and aphasia type.
CarerQoL, carer quality of life; COAST, Communication Outcome after Stroke Scale; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQol Quality of Life Scale ; ICECAP-A, ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults; mRNLI, modified Reintegration to Normal Living Index; SAQOL-39, Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale; SPA, singing groups for people with aphasia.