Dependents Independents (reference) | Number of essential examinations/tests | COCI* | Kidney-related inpatient or ED visits | Medical expenses | Medicine expenses | |||||
β | P value | OR | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | |
Intervention group (control group) | 0.81 | <0.001 | 0.57 | <0.001 | −1.18 | <0.001 | −0.92 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
Period (pre-early CKD 1 year) | ||||||||||
Post-early CKD 1 year | 0.29 | <0.001 | 1.31 | <0.001 | 0.27 | <0.001 | 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
Interaction group×period | 0.61 | <0.001 | 4.18 | <0.001 | −0.13 | <0.001 | 1.03 | <0.001 | 0.23 | <0.001 |
Gender (female) | 0.01 | 0.531 | 1.04 | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.254 | 0.08 | <0.001 | −0.01 | 0.524 |
Age (≤55 years) | ||||||||||
56–65 | −0.03 | <0.001 | 0.92 | <0.001 | −0.17 | <0.001 | −0.12 | <0.001 | 0.07 | <0.001 |
66–75 | −0.07 | <0.001 | 0.85 | <0.001 | −0.09 | 0.002 | −0.15 | <0.001 | 0.11 | <0.001 |
76+ | −0.14 | <0.001 | 0.74 | <0.001 | 0.27 | <0.001 | −0.10 | <0.001 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (none) | 0.04 | <0.001 | 1.21 | <0.001 | 0.20 | <0.001 | 0.16 | <0.001 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
Diabetes (none) | 0.10 | <0.001 | 0.84 | <0.001 | −0.29 | <0.001 | −0.01 | 0.755 | 0.45 | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular diseases (none) | −0.04 | <0.001 | 0.77 | <0.001 | 0.37 | <0.001 | 0.09 | <0.001 | 0.20 | <0.001 |
CCI index score (0) | ||||||||||
1–2 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 1.66 | <0.001 | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.40 | <0.001 | 0.32 | <0.001 |
≥3 | 0.21 | <0.001 | 3.33 | <0.001 | 1.20 | <0.001 | 1.00 | <0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 |
Hospital accreditation level (community clinic) | ||||||||||
Medical centre | 0.41 | 0.115 | 1.91 | 0.199 | 0.97 | 0.247 | 1.18 | 0.001 | 0.18 | 0.708 |
Regional hospital | 0.36 | 0.160 | 1.79 | 0.246 | 0.82 | 0.325 | 0.95 | 0.007 | −0.02 | 0.961 |
District hospital | 0.32 | 0.207 | 1.63 | 0.332 | 0.63 | 0.450 | 0.86 | 0.015 | −0.40 | 0.404 |
Hospital location (Kaohsiung/Pingtung and eastern region) | ||||||||||
Taipei and northern region | 0.08 | <0.001 | 1.32 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.014 | 0.01 | 0.938 | 0.31 | <0.001 |
Central and southern region | 0.01 | 0.634 | 1.16 | <0.001 | 0.14 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.012 | 0.16 | <0.001 |
Unclear | 0.12 | 0.643 | 1.63 | 0.333 | −0.17 | 0.836 | 0.15 | 0.676 | 0.56 | 0.248 |
*COCI is a dichotomous variable and transforms into two groups: high (above mean) and low (below mean).
CKD, chronic kidney disease; COCI, continuity of care index; ED, emergency department; GEE, generalised estimating equation.