Change of key hospital indicators before and after EENC intervention according to hospital medical records, n (%)*
| Hospital indicators | Pre-EENC | Post-EENC | RR (95% CI) | SE | P value |
| Number of live births | 54 335 | 58 057 | / | / | / |
| Caesarean | 18 155 (33.4) | 19 275 (33.2) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.10 | 0.264 |
| EENC key practice | |||||
| Any STS contact | 13 475 (24.8) | 37 214 (64.1) | 2.58 (2.54 to 2.63) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| STS started early (within 1 min of live) | 17 713 (32.6) | 29 725 (51.2) | 1.57 (1.55 to 1.59) | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| STS duration ≥90 min | 4401 (8.1) | 15 559 (26.8) | 3.31 (3.21 to 3.41) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| Hospital impact indicators | |||||
| Early initiation of breast feeding* | / | 47 288 (73.7) | / | / | / |
| Exclusive breast feeding* | / | 49 987 (86.1) | / | / | / |
| Birth asphyxia | 2414 (4.4) | 1787 (3.0) | 0.68 (0.69 to 0.77) | 0.03 | 0.036 |
| NICU admission | 7777 (14.3) | 6091 (10.5) | 0.73 (0.71 to 0.76) | 0.02 | 0.011 |
| Newborn sepsis | 57 (0.10) | 81 (0.14) | 1.33 (0.95 to 1.87) | 0.17 | 0.510 |
| Newborn death | 42 (0.08) | 53 (0.09) | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.77) | 0.21 | 0.109 |
*There were missing data for the pre-EENC group because hospitals did not routinely collect these indicators before EENC introduction.
EENC, early essential newborn care; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; STS, skin to skin.