Clinical measures and biological markers
| Measure | Description |
| Clinical measures | |
| Cardiovascular health markers | BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting lipids, fasting glucose |
| Behavioural measures | Self-reported PA, dietary intake, cigarette smoking |
| Biological markers of immune system activation | |
| Immune cell phenotyping | Flow cytometry-based characterisation of immune cell populations and their receptor expression profile from flow panels for leucocyte cell populations including neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, T-cells, B-cells, NK cells, NKT cells and monocytes70 |
| Biomarker-based profiling | Cytokine/chemokine75 (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, IFNα, IFNγ, MCP-1, IL-1RA, IL-18), stress-induced neurotransmitter profiling (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine) and other biomarkers associated with CVD (VEGF-A, TGFβ, TMAO)76 |
NKT: Natural Killer T cells. TNF α: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha. VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, TFGbeta: Transforming Growth Factor Beta, and TMAO: Trimethylamine N-Oxide.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; NK, natural killer; PA, physical activity.