| (1) Evidenceandeducation | Evidenceandguidelines Peer discussionandlearning GP training on antibiotic prescribing Advice fromandinfluence of relevant experts
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| (2) Clinical experienceandconfidence | Clinical experienceandconfidence Experience of and concern about adverse events resulting from prescribing decisions GP’s preference for certain antibiotics
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| (3) Clinical assessment | Clinical assessment of signsandsymptomsandmaking a diagnosis Clinical uncertainty about illness aetiology, severity and/or progression Patient’s risk of complications or poor outcomes Patient’s perceptionandpresentation of illness Access to patient’s medical records or history ‘Gut feeling’ (intuition) about patientandillness Additional diagnostic information from testing
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| (4) Knowledgeandperceptions of the patient | Prior knowledge ofandfamiliarity with the patient Perceptions of the patient Ability to reassess or follow-up the patient (or lack of it) Patient’s social factors
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| (5) Perceptions of patient’s expectationsandsatisfaction | Perceptions of patient’s expectations of antibiotics Preserving a good relationship with patient, patient satisfactionandavoiding conflict Patient’s preference for certain antibiotics
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| (6) Communication skillsandstrategies | Ability to elicitandmanage patient’s concernsandexpectations Ability to reassureandsafety-net Perceived importance of shared decision making Abilityandmotivation to educate patients in consultations
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| (7) Timeandworkload | Timing of consultationandaccess to GP/medical services Time pressureandworkload (eg, wanting to save timeandprevent future consultations by educating patients; prescribing as a quicker way to close consultations than educating patients) Consultation length
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| (8) Professional roleandethos | Perceptions of professional roleandethos
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| (9) Awarenessandperceptions of responsibility for AMS | Prioritising immediate pressures vs long-term consequences of inappropriate prescribing Awareness/knowledge ofandattitude to AMS
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| (10) Monitoring, feedbackandaccountability | Use of monitoringandaudit Receiving feedback on prescribing Accountability for own prescribing (or its lack)
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| (11) Perceptions of ownandothers’ prescribing | Perceptions of own prescribing as compared with others Consistent approach to antibiotic prescribing between HCPs or organisations (or lack of it)
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| (12) Costs associated with prescribing | Perception of costs related to antibiotic prescribing
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| (13) Legal issues | Concern with legal issues (or patient complaints) resulting from not prescribing antibiotics
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| (14) Attitudes toanduse of AMS strategies | Views onanduse of delayed antibiotic prescriptions Access toanduse of patient leaflets Use of financial incentives
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