Table 2

Drugs involved in DRPs (n=1751 drugs)

Drug groups (ATC classification system)N (%)Most frequent drugs (N)
L-antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents659 (37.6)
Immunosuppressants (L04) 657657 (37.5)Tacrolimus (409), everolimus (190), mycophenolic acid (36)
J-anti-infectives for systemic use397 (22.6)
Antimycotics for systemic use (J02A) 175175 (10.0)Posaconazole (118), voriconazole (41), itraconazole (9)
Direct-acting antivirals (J05A) 8787 (5.0)Valganciclovir (80)
Immunoglobulins (J06B) 3737 (2.1)Human immunoglobulins (37)
Vaccines (J07) 3333 (1.9)Pneumococcal vaccines (18)
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) 2121 (1.2)Sulfamethoxazole (21)
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F) 1717 (1.0)Azithromycin (5), pristinamycin (4), clarithromycin (4)
Other antibacterials (J01X) 99 (0.5)Colistin (8)
Aminoglycoside antibacterials (J01G) 55 (0.3)Tobramycin (4)
Beta-lactam antibacterials (J01C+J01D) 55 (0.3)Amoxicillin (2)
Quinolone antibacterials (J01M) 44 (0.2)Ofloxacin (2)
C-cardiovascular system162 (9.2)
Lipid-modifying agents (C10) 9090 (5.1)Pravastatin (72), fenofibrat (10)
Calcium channel blockers (C08) 2323 (1.3)Lercanidipine (10), almodipine (10)
Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system (C09) 2020 (1.1)Ramipril (9), perindopril (5), irbesartan (4)
Diuretics (C03) 1111 (0.6)Furosemide (8)
Cardiac therapy (C01) 88 (0.5)Ivabradine (5)
Beta blocking agents (C07) 66 (0.3)Atenolol (3)
A-alimentary tract and metabolism141 (8.1)
Calcium (A12A) 3636 (2.1)Calcium (36)
Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) 3333 (1.9)Esomeprazole (26)
Vitamins (A11) 2929 (1.7)Vitamin D (18), Vitamin A (8)
Potassium (A12B) 1717 (1.0)Potassium (17)
Drugs used in diabetes (A10) 88 (0.5)Repaglinide (5)
B-blood and blood-forming organs120 (6.9)
Iron preparations (B03A) 7171 (4.1)Iron bivalent, oral preparations (62)
Antithrombotic agents (B01A) 2222 (1.3)Fluindione (7), warfarin (8)
H-systemic hormonal preparations60 (3.4)
Glucocorticoids (H02AB) 5858 (3.3)Prednisone (43), prednisolone (15)
N-nervous system59 (3.4)
Analgesics (N02) 2828 (1.6)Paracetamol plain and combinations (13), morphine (6)
Psycholeptics (N05) 1111 (0.6)Hydroxyzine (4)
Psychoanaleptics (N06) 1010 (0.6)Mianserine (3), clomipramine (2), paroxetine (2)
Antiepileptics (N03) 1010 (0.6)Pregabalin (10)
M-musculoskeletal system51 (2.9)
Bisphosphonates (M05BA) 4444 (2.5)Zoledronic acid (40)
Z-no ATC code35 (2.0)Magnesium (31)
P-antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellants28 (1.6)Pyrimethamine (25)
V-various22 (1.3)Calcium folinate (19)
R-respiratory system12 (0.7)
Drugs for obstructive airway diseases (R03) 88 (0.5)Salbutamol (3), budesonide/formoterol (3)
G-genitourinary system and sex hormones3 (0.2)
D-dermatologicals2 (0.1)
  • DRPs relied on 1751 drugs, as each pharmacist’s intervention involved two or three drugs in 176 cases (11.2%).

  • ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; DRPs, drug-related problems.