Drug groups (ATC classification system) | N (%) | Most frequent drugs (N) |
L-antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents | 659 (37.6) | |
Immunosuppressants (L04) 657 | 657 (37.5) | Tacrolimus (409), everolimus (190), mycophenolic acid (36) |
J-anti-infectives for systemic use | 397 (22.6) | |
Antimycotics for systemic use (J02A) 175 | 175 (10.0) | Posaconazole (118), voriconazole (41), itraconazole (9) |
Direct-acting antivirals (J05A) 87 | 87 (5.0) | Valganciclovir (80) |
Immunoglobulins (J06B) 37 | 37 (2.1) | Human immunoglobulins (37) |
Vaccines (J07) 33 | 33 (1.9) | Pneumococcal vaccines (18) |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) 21 | 21 (1.2) | Sulfamethoxazole (21) |
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F) 17 | 17 (1.0) | Azithromycin (5), pristinamycin (4), clarithromycin (4) |
Other antibacterials (J01X) 9 | 9 (0.5) | Colistin (8) |
Aminoglycoside antibacterials (J01G) 5 | 5 (0.3) | Tobramycin (4) |
Beta-lactam antibacterials (J01C+J01D) 5 | 5 (0.3) | Amoxicillin (2) |
Quinolone antibacterials (J01M) 4 | 4 (0.2) | Ofloxacin (2) |
C-cardiovascular system | 162 (9.2) | |
Lipid-modifying agents (C10) 90 | 90 (5.1) | Pravastatin (72), fenofibrat (10) |
Calcium channel blockers (C08) 23 | 23 (1.3) | Lercanidipine (10), almodipine (10) |
Agents acting on the renin–angiotensin system (C09) 20 | 20 (1.1) | Ramipril (9), perindopril (5), irbesartan (4) |
Diuretics (C03) 11 | 11 (0.6) | Furosemide (8) |
Cardiac therapy (C01) 8 | 8 (0.5) | Ivabradine (5) |
Beta blocking agents (C07) 6 | 6 (0.3) | Atenolol (3) |
A-alimentary tract and metabolism | 141 (8.1) | |
Calcium (A12A) 36 | 36 (2.1) | Calcium (36) |
Drugs for peptic ulcer and GORD (A02B) 33 | 33 (1.9) | Esomeprazole (26) |
Vitamins (A11) 29 | 29 (1.7) | Vitamin D (18), Vitamin A (8) |
Potassium (A12B) 17 | 17 (1.0) | Potassium (17) |
Drugs used in diabetes (A10) 8 | 8 (0.5) | Repaglinide (5) |
B-blood and blood-forming organs | 120 (6.9) | |
Iron preparations (B03A) 71 | 71 (4.1) | Iron bivalent, oral preparations (62) |
Antithrombotic agents (B01A) 22 | 22 (1.3) | Fluindione (7), warfarin (8) |
H-systemic hormonal preparations | 60 (3.4) | |
Glucocorticoids (H02AB) 58 | 58 (3.3) | Prednisone (43), prednisolone (15) |
N-nervous system | 59 (3.4) | |
Analgesics (N02) 28 | 28 (1.6) | Paracetamol plain and combinations (13), morphine (6) |
Psycholeptics (N05) 11 | 11 (0.6) | Hydroxyzine (4) |
Psychoanaleptics (N06) 10 | 10 (0.6) | Mianserine (3), clomipramine (2), paroxetine (2) |
Antiepileptics (N03) 10 | 10 (0.6) | Pregabalin (10) |
M-musculoskeletal system | 51 (2.9) | |
Bisphosphonates (M05BA) 44 | 44 (2.5) | Zoledronic acid (40) |
Z-no ATC code | 35 (2.0) | Magnesium (31) |
P-antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellants | 28 (1.6) | Pyrimethamine (25) |
V-various | 22 (1.3) | Calcium folinate (19) |
R-respiratory system | 12 (0.7) | |
Drugs for obstructive airway diseases (R03) 8 | 8 (0.5) | Salbutamol (3), budesonide/formoterol (3) |
G-genitourinary system and sex hormones | 3 (0.2) | |
D-dermatologicals | 2 (0.1) |
DRPs relied on 1751 drugs, as each pharmacist’s intervention involved two or three drugs in 176 cases (11.2%).
ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical; DRPs, drug-related problems.