Baseline and 3 months characteristics
| Characteristics | Not included (n=321) | Included (n=379) | P value | No DM (n=305) | DM (n=74) | P value |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 181 (56.4) | 218 (57.8) | 0.710 | 174 (57.1) | 45 (60.8) | 0.557 |
| Age at baseline (years), mean (SD) | 74.0 (12.2) | 71.5 (11.4) | 0.005 | 71.3 (11.8) | 72.0 (9.4) | 0.625 |
| At 3 months | 74.8 (12.2) | 72.3 (11.4) | 0.004 | 72.1 (11.8) | 72.8 (9.3) | 0.656 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 25.6 (4.0) | 26.2 (4.4) | 0.101 | 25.8 (4.3) | 27.6 (4.3) | 0.002 |
| At 3 months | 26.4 (3.8) | 26.7 (4.4) | 0.370 | 26.3 (4.3) | 28.3 (4.7) | 0.001 |
| NIHSS score on admission, mean (SD) | 4.8 (6.0) | 3.4 (4.2) | <0.001 | 3.4 (4.3) | 3.4 (4.0) | 0.981 |
| At 3 months | 1.3 (2.3) | 0.7 (1.3) | <0.001 | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.579 |
| mRS, mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.4) | 1.9 (1.2) | <0.001 | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.728 |
| At 3 months | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.4 (0.9) | 0.000 | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.9) | 0.448 |
| mRS score ≤2, n (%) | 154 (48.1) | 262 (69.5) | <0.001 | 207 (68.1) | 55 (74.3) | 0.297 |
| At 3 months | 194 (60.4) | 334 (88.4) | <0.001 | 267 (87.5) | 67 (91.8) | 0.310 |
| BI, mean (SD) | 79.4 (26.6) | 90.9 (15.8) | <0.001 | 90.3 (16.4) | 93.4 (12.5) | 0.130 |
| At 3 months | 86.8 (22.9) | 97.5 (6.7) | <0.001 | 97.5 (7.1) | 97.4 (5.1) | 0.908 |
| BI score ≥95, n (%) | 165 (51.4) | 260 (68.6) | <0.001 | 203 (66.6) | 57 (77.0) | 0.082 |
| At 3 months | 211 (65.7) | 341 (90.0) | <0.001 | 275 (90.5) | 66 (89.2) | 0.802 |
| BI item 9≥10 points at baseline, n (%) | 273 (85.3) | 366 (96.6) | <0.001 | 293 (96.1) | 73 (98.7) | 0.598 |
| At 3 months | 292 (91.0) | 379 (100.0) | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Living conditions before stroke, n (%) | 0.000 | 0.427 | ||||
| At home | 314 (97.8) | 379 (100) | 304 (99.7) | 74 (100) | ||
| Without home nursing care | 261 (81.3) | 358 (94.5) | 290 (95.1) | 68 (91.9) | ||
| With home nursing care | 49 (15.3) | 20 (5.3) | 14 (4.6) | 6 (8.1) | ||
| Residential care* | 4 (1.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | ||
| Nursing home | 7 (2.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| DM at baseline, n (%) | 54 (16.8) | 74 (19.5) | 0.357 | – | – | – |
| HbA1c %, mean (SD) | ||||||
| At 3 months, mean (SD) | 5.7 (0.8) | 5.9 (0.8) | 0.102 | 5.6 (0.4) | 7.0 (1.6) | <0.001 |
| Antidiabetic drugs, (%) | ||||||
| All at 3 months, n (%) | 35 (10.9) | 47 (12.4) | 0.529 | 0 | 47 (63.5) | <0.001 |
| Insulin use at 3 months, n (%) | 15 (4.7) | 16 (4.2) | 0.772 | 0 | 16 (21.6) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia baseline, n (%) | 145 (45.2) | 209 (55.2) | 0.009 | 155 (50.8) | 54 (73.0) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension baseline, n (%) | 175 (54.5) | 207 (54.6) | 0.979 | 148 (48.5) | 59 (79.7) | <0.001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 84 (26.2) | 80 (21.1) | 0.115 | 64 (21.0) | 16 (21.6) | 0.904 |
BMI=weight/height2.
*Residental care: own customised apartment with home nursing care.
BI, Barthel Index; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1C, glycated haemoglobin; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.