Table 5

Relationship between characteristics of reviewers with type of review outcome of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Continuing Medical Education CME credits, 2013–2017

Reviewer characteristics	Number (%)	Type and frequency of review outcomes					P value	Effect size†
Reviewer characteristics	Number (%)	K	C	P	NA	χ²*	P value	Effect size†
Gender (n=417)						1.12	0.77	0.05
Male	118 (28)	50	48	10	10
Female	299 (72)	120	119	36	24
Continent (n=390)						31.45	0.03	0.16
Africa	4 (1)	1	1	0	2
Asia	13 (3)	5	7	0	1
Europe	196 (50)	86	75	26	9
North America	163 (42)	60	67	16	20
Oceania	10 (3)	6	2	0	2
South America	4 (1)	0	3	1	0
Years of experience (postresidency) (n=180)						22.08	0.11	0.20
Less than 10 years	30 (17)	11	16	2	1
Less than 20 years	45 (25)	20	20	4	1
Less than 30 years	37 (21)	15	16	2	4
Less than 40 years	53 (29)	26	15	8	4
Less than 50 years	13 (7)	2	6	2	3
Less than 60 years	2 (1)	1	0	0	1
Years of experience (postmedical school) (n=290)						27.49	0.03	0.18
Less than 10 years	14 (5)	7	4	1	2
Less than 20 years	95 (33)	38	46	7	4
Less than 30 years	64 (22)	23	28	7	6
Less than 40 years	70 (24)	37	24	7	2
Less than 50 years	40 (14)	15	11	5	9
Less than 60 years	7 (2)	3	1	1	2

*χ² values were used to assess differences in outcomes across levels of reviewer characteristics such as gender, continents they were from, their years of experience postresidency and medical school.
†The Cramer’s V statistic was used as a measure of the effect size. This statistic has a lower limit of 0 and an upper limit of 1 where standards for interpreting Cramer’s V (0.10=small, 0.30=medium and 0.50=large) help determine the magnitude of difference across variable levels.
C, competence; CME, continuing medical education; K, knowledge; NA, not applicable; P, performance.