Factors associated with clinically significant symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 scores ≥10)
| Females | Males | |||
| 18–49 years old | 50 years old and above | 18–49 years old | 50 years old and above | |
| Living with family versus not living with family | 0.63 (0.54; 0.74) | 0.71 (0.6; 0.83) | 0.6 (0.45; 0.8) | 0.4 (0.3; 0.53) |
| SEIFA quintiles | ||||
| Quintile 1 (lowest SEP) | ||||
| Quintile 2 | 0.8 (0.58; 1.08) | 0.85 (0.63; 1.16) | 0.75 (0.39; 1.45) | 0.82 (0.5; 1.34) |
| Quintile 3 | 0.66 (0.49; 0.87) | 0.88 (0.66; 1.17) | 0.96 (0.54; 1.7) | 0.95 (0.59; 1.52) |
| Quintile 4 | 0.78 (0.6; 1.01) | 0.78 (0.58; 1.03) | 0.95 (0.55; 1.64) | 0.85 (0.54; 1.33) |
| Quintile 5 (highest SEP) | 0.62 (0.48; 0.8) | 0.71 (0.55; 0.93) | 0.87 (0.52; 1.45) | 0.7 (0.46; 1.07) |
| Doing unpaid work caring for children | 0.83 (0.72; 0.95) | 1.33 (1.05; 1.67) | 1.21 (0.82; 1.78) | 1.15 (0.66; 2.03) |
| Doing unpaid work caring for dependent relatives | 1.52 (1.21; 1.91) | 1.55 (1.26; 1.91) | 1.8 (1.02; 3.19) | 1.47 (0.89; 2.44) |
| Lost job because of COVID-19 | 1.51 (1.25; 1.82) | 1.81 (1.43; 2.28) | 1.65 (1.13; 2.41) | 1.69 (1.09; 2.62) |
| Highly worried about contracting COVID-19 (scale score ≥8) | 1.77 (1.5; 2.09) | 1.62 (1.37; 1.92) | 2.02 (1.34; 3.04) | 1.57 (1.14; 2.17) |
| High adverse impact of restrictions (scale score ≥8) | 3.34 (2.93; 3.81) | 2.81 (2.41; 3.28) | 2.91 (2.2; 3.84) | 4.36 (3.32; 5.72) |
Bolded values are statistically significant
PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9; SEIFA, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas; SEP, socioeconomic position.