Author/year | Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | Other bias |
Gainner (2004)9 | U* | U* | L | L† | L | L | U* |
Forel (2006)12 | U* | U* | H‡ | L† | L | L | U* |
Papazian (2010)11 | L | L | L | L | L | L | U* |
Lyu (2014)13 | L | U* | U* | L | L | L | U* |
Yirao (2016)28 | L | L | H‡ | L† | L | L | U* |
Guervilly (2017)14 | L | U* | H‡ | L | L | L | U* |
Moss (2019)21 | L | L | H‡ | L† | L | L | U* |
*The relevant information in the text was not mentioned and could not be judged.
†Outcomes were less likely to be affected by single blind method (eg, mortality).
‡The article used the single blind method, that was, some participants (such as nurses) have broken the blindness.
H, high risk; L, low risk; U, unclear.