The means and SD of the dependent variables
| Mean | SD | Observed range | Gold standard range | |
| RA | 1.76 | 0.74 | 0.86–4.88 | 1.00–5.00 |
| RC | 3.40 | 0.89 | 1.29–5.00 | 1.00–5.00 |
| RO | 3.18 | 0.94 | 1.00–5.00 | 1.00–5.00 |
| JS | 3.80 | 0.47 | 1.60–4.75 | 1.00–5.00 |
JS, job satisfaction; RA, role ambiguity; RC, role conflict; RO, role overload.