Main characteristics of included studies interventions
| Author(s) and year | Intervention group | Control group | Lasers characteristics |
| Brugnera et al 199720 | 1. Nd:YAG laser 2. Sealant 3. Nd:YAG laser+sealant | No treatment | CO2 Pulsed emission; rate repetition: 7 Hz; pulse duration: 20 ms |
| Durmus et al 201721 | Er:YAG laser+orthophosphoric acid | Orthophosphoric acid | Er:YAG laser Wavelength: 2.94 µm; non-contact mode; pulse energy: 120 mJ; repetition rate: 10 Hz; spot size: 0.6 mm |
| Goodis et al 200422 | 1. High energy CO2 (4.8 J) 2. Low energy CO2 (2.4 J) | Sham procedure | CO2 laser Wavelength: 9.6 mm; pulse duration: 5–8 µs; rate repetition: 10 Hz; energy density: 1.5 J/cm2; pulse energy: 12 mJ |
| Karaman et al 201323 | Er,Cr:YSGG laser | Orthophosphoric acid | Er,Cr:YSGG laser Wavelength: 2.78 µm; pulsed emission; no contact mode; spot size: 600 µm; repetition rate: 10 Hz; power: 125 W |
| Kumar et al 201624 | Er,Cr:YSGG laser | Orthophosphoric acid | Er,Cr:YSGG laser Wavelength: 2.78 µm; pulsed emission; no contact mode; spot size: 600 µm; repetition rate: 20 Hz; power: 1.5 W |
| Nammour et al 2003 and 200525 26 | 1. Fluoride gel 2. Argon laser+fluoride gel | No treatment | Argon laser Continuous emission; energy density: 10.74 J/cm2; spot size: 11 mm; irradiation duration: 30 s; pulse power: 340 mW |
| Raucci-Neto et al 201527 | 1. Nd:YAG laser 2. Nd:YAG laser+fluoride gel 3. Nd:YAG laser+fluoride variant 4. Sealant |
| Nd:YAG laser Wavelength: 1.064 νm; pulsed emission; spot size: 300 µm; pulse duration: 100 µs; rate repetition: 10–100 Hz; irradiation duration: 30 s; energy density: 73.9 J/cm2; power: 50 W |
| Walsh 199628 | CO2 laser | Orthophosphoric acid | CO2 laser Pulsed emission; spot size: 800 µm; rate repetition: 20 Hz; pulse duration: 20 ms; power: 5 W; irradiation duration: 7 s |
| Zezell et al 200929 | 1. Nd:YAG laser 2. Sealant 3. Nd:YAG laser+sealant | No treatment | CO2 laser Pulsed emission; rate repetition: 7 Hz; pulse duration 20 ms |
Er,Cr:YSGG, erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet; Er:YAG, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:YAG, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet.