Demographic and clinical correlates of COVID-19 testing among HCWs
| Full sample, n=2040 | No infection, n=1442 (70.69%) | COVID-19 infection, n=598 (29.31%) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age, M (SD) | 39.50 (10.11) | 39.48 (10.27) | 39.57 (9.71) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
| Gender, n (row %) | ||||
| Male | 594 (29.15) | 426 (71.72) | 168 (28.28) | REF |
| Female | 1432 (70.26) | 1006 (70.25) | 426 (29.75) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.22) |
| Other/prefer not to answer | 12 (0.59) | 9 (75) | 3 (25) | 0.88 (0.33 to 2.37) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (row %) | ||||
| Caucasian | 1385 (67.89) | 999 (72.13) | 386 (27.87) | REF |
| Hispanic, Latino or Spanish | 111 (5.44) | 58 (52.25) | 53 (47.75) | 1.71 (1.39 to 2.12) |
| Black or African American | 221 (10.83) | 169 (76.47) | 52 (23.53) | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.09) |
| Asian | 190 (9.31) | 126 (66.32) | 64 (33.68) | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.50) |
| Other | 48 (2.35) | 34 (70.83) | 14 (29.17) | 1.05 (0.67 to 1.64) |
| Multiracial | 85 (4.17) | 56 (65.88) | 29 (34.12) | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) |
| Region, n (row %) | ||||
| Northeast | 883 (47.12) | 572 (64.78) | 311 (35.22) | REF |
| Midwest | 248 (13.23) | 181 (72.98) | 67 (27.02) | 0.77 (0.61 to 0.96) |
| South | 474 (25.29) | 370 (78.06) | 104 (21.94) | 0.62 (0.51 to 0.75) |
| West | 268 (14.30) | 200 (74.63) | 68 (25.37) | 0.72 (0.58 to 0.90) |
| US territories | 1 (0.05) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | Not estimable |
| Role in hospital, n (row %) | ||||
| Physician attending | 634 (31.12) | 465 (73.34) | 169 (26.66) | 1.00 (., .) |
| Physician resident/fellow | 180 (8.84) | 132 (73.33) | 48 (26.67) | 1.00 (0.76 to 1.32) |
| Physician assistant | 81 (3.98) | 60 (74.07) | 21 (25.93) | 0.97 (0.66 to 1.44) |
| Nurse (practitioner, general, registered) | 546 (26.80) | 362 (66.3) | 184 (33.7) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.51) |
| Emergency medicine services | 266 (13.06) | 172 (64.66) | 94 (35.34) | 1.33 (1.08 to 1.63) |
| Non-direct patient care | 96 (4.71) | 64 (66.67) | 32 (33.33) | 1.25 (0.92 to 1.71) |
| Other physical care/direct patient contact | 122 (5.99) | 86 (70.49) | 36 (29.51) | 1.11 (0.82 to 1.50) |
| Child life specialist | 85 (4.17) | 74 (87.06) | 11 (12.94) | 0.49 (0.28 to 0.86) |
| Respiratory therapist | 20 (0.98) | 20 (100) | 0 (0) | – |
| Other | 7 (0.34) | 5 (71.43) | 2 (28.57) | 1.07 (0.33 to 3.48) |
| Specialty, n (row %) | ||||
| Emergency medicine | 694 (38.30) | 477 (68.73) | 217 (31.27) | REF |
| Internal medicine (outpatient, inpatient, other) | 271 (14.96) | 188 (69.37) | 83 (30.63) | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.21) |
| Internal medicine (critical care) | 215 (11.87) | 166 (77.21) | 49 (22.79) | 0.73 (0.56 to 0.95) |
| Surgery | 86 (4.75) | 60 (69.77) | 26 (30.23) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.36) |
| Paediatrics | 149 (8.22) | 124 (83.22) | 25 (16.78) | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.78) |
| Family medicine | 83 (4.58) | 62 (74.7) | 21 (25.3) | 0.81 (0.55 to 1.19) |
| Other | 314 (17.33) | 210 (66.88) | 104 (33.12) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.28) |
| Clinical setting, n (row %) | ||||
| Emergency medicine | 651 (31.91) | 445 (68.36) | 206 (31.64) | REF |
| ICU | 328 (16.08) | 252 (76.83) | 76 (23.17) | 0.73 (0.58 to 0.92) |
| Inpatient hospital | 427 (20.93) | 318 (74.47) | 109 (25.53) | 0.81 (0.66 to 0.98) |
| Prehospital | 176 (8.63) | 120 (68.18) | 56 (31.82) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.28) |
| Outpatient | 224 (10.98) | 143 (63.84) | 81 (36.16) | 1.14 (0.93 to 1.41) |
| Long-term care facility/nursing home | 74 (3.63) | 48 (64.86) | 26 (35.14) | 1.11 (0.80 to 1.54) |
| Other | 160 (7.84) | 116 (72.5) | 44 (27.5) | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) |
| Facility type, n (row %) | ||||
| Academic institution, n (%) | 703 (34.46) | 492 (69.99) | 211 (30.01) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.19) |
| Community hospital, n (%) | 724 (35.49) | 547 (75.55) | 177 (24.45) | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.89) |
| Outpatient facility, n (%) | 269 (13.19) | 187 (69.52) | 82 (30.48) | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.27) |
| City hospital, n (%) | 267 (13.09) | 196 (73.41) | 71 (26.59) | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.11) |
| Long-term care/skilled nursing facility, n (%) | 86 (4.22) | 58 (67.44) | 28 (32.56) | 1.12 (0.82 to 1.52) |
| Pre-hospital/ambulance/EMS, n (%) | 258 (12.65) | 171 (66.28) | 87 (33.72) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.42) |
| Other clinical setting, n (%) | 177 (8.68) | 123 (69.49) | 54 (30.51) | 1.04 (0.83 to 1.32) |
EMS, emergency medical services; HCWs, healthcare workers.