Receptor/mechanism | Action |
Voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) | Classic mechanism of action is through blockade of VGSC17; Intravenous lignocaine may inhibit VGSC in peripheral nerves and/or dorsal root ganglia23; |
Potassium channels | Lignocaine effect on potassium channels is available through experimental evidence in animal models60; |
Calcium channels | Lignocaine effect on calcium channels is available through experimental evidence in human animal models17; |
NMDA receptor | Lignocaine inhibits activation of NMDA receptor in a dose dependent manner23 61; |
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) - mediated chloride currents | Lignocaine potentiates GABA-mediated chloride currents by inhibiting GABA uptake in animal models62; |
Opioid receptors | Hypothesis mode of action unclear; |
Purine receptors | Hypothesis mode of action unclear; |
Glycinergic action | Lignocaine or its metabolites may inhibit the glycinergic system16; |