Pregnancy outcome and neonatal data of women with a life birth outcome (n=381) and selected subgroups in the molecular signature in pregnancy cohort
| Overall (n=381) | Preterm (n=19) | GDM (n=50) | Anaemia (n=62) | Underweight (n=73) | SGA (n=77) | |
| Outcome EGA (days); median (IQR) | 277 (271–282) | 253 (244–255) | 275 (268–279) | 275 (268–283) | 277 (271–281) | 279 (274–283) |
| Preterm categories | ||||||
| Term (≥37 weeks) | 362 (95.0) | 0 | 49 (98.0) | 57 (91.9) | 68 (93.2) | 73 (94.8) |
| Moderate/late PTB (≥32) | 17 (4.5) | 17 (89.5) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (4.8) | 5 (6.8) | 4 (5.2) |
| Very PTB (28 –<32) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (10.5) | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Extremely PTB (<28) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infant sex (male) | 185 (48.6) | 11 (57.9) | 26 (52.0) | 18 (29.0) | 33 (45.2) | 25 (32.5) |
| Apgar after 1 min; median (IQR) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) | 9 (9–9) |
| Apgar after 5 min; median (IQR) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) |
| Resuscitation | ||||||
| Yes | 8 (2.1) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.4) | 5 (6.5) |
| No | 359 (94.2) | 17 (89.5) | 49 (98.0) | 59 (95.2) | 71 (97.3) | 70 (90.9) |
| Unknown | 14 (3.7) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.6) |
| Abnormal newborn exam* | 5 (1.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 2 (3.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0 |
| Birth weight (g); median (IQR)† | 2955 (2740–3200) | 2273 (2025–2440) | 3010 (2840–3375) | 2870 (2620–3220) | 2823 (2611–2965) | 2600 (2400–2740) |
| Birth weight categories† | ||||||
| Small for GA | 77 (21.8) | 4 (22.2) | 7 (14.3) | 14 (23.0) | 23 (33.8) | 77 (100.0) |
| Appropriate for GA | 269 (76.2) | 14 (77.8) | 39 (79.6) | 47 (77.0) | 45 (66.2) | 0 |
| Large for GA | 7 (2.0) | 0 | 3 (6.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Infant length (cm); median (IQR)‡ | 48.2 (47.0–49.4) | 45.7 (44.1–46.6) | 48.4 (47.4–49.4) | 48.1 (46.5–49.0) | 47.6 (46.5–48.5) | 46.7 (45.6–48.0) |
| Length categories‡ | ||||||
| Short for GA | 70 (19.9) | 2 (11.1) | 7 (14.3) | 14 (23.0) | 23 (33.8) | 44 (57.1) |
| Appropriate for GA | 266 (75.6) | 16 (88.9) | 37 (75.5) | 44 (72.1) | 43 (63.2) | 32 (41.6) |
| Tall for GA | 16 (4.5) | 0 | 5 (10.2) | 3 (4.9) | 2 (2.9) | 0 |
| Head circumference at birth; median (IQR)‡ | 32.9 (32.0–33.6) | 31.0 (30.1–31.6) | 33.1 (32.5–34.2) | 32.4 (31.6–33.6) | 32.4 (31.5–33.3) | 32.0 (31.4–32.8) |
| Head circumference categories‡ | ||||||
| Small HC for GA | 106 (30.1) | 4 (22.2) | 8 (16.3) | 21 (34.4) | 30 (44.1) | 48 (63.2) |
| Appropriate HC for GA | 240 (68.2) | 14 (77.8) | 37 (75.5) | 39 (63.9) | 37 (54.4) | 28 (36.8) |
| Large HC for GA | 6 (1.7) | 0 | 4 (8.2) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.5) | 0 |
| Caesarean section | 22 (5.8) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 5 (8.1) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (6.5) |
| Breech delivery | 5 (1.3) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 3 (3.9) |
| Vacuum delivery | 11 (2.9) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 4 (6.5) | 3 (4.1) | 3 (3.9) |
| Delivered by | ||||||
| Midwife | 328 (86.1) | 17 (89.5) | 47 (94.0) | 52 (83.9) | 66 (90.4) | 70 (90.9) |
| TBA | 25 (6.6) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (4.0) | 3 (4.8) | 5 (6.8) | 1 (1.3) |
| Doctor | 24 (6.3) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 6 (9.7) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (6.5) |
| Other§ | 4 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 1 (1.3) |
| Place of delivery | ||||||
| SMRU clinic | 304 (79.8) | 16 (84.2) | 43 (86.0) | 51 (82.3) | 63 (86.3) | 63 (81.8) |
| Home | 29 (7.6) | 2 (10.5) | 2 (4.0) | 4 (6.5) | 5 (6.8) | 2 (2.6) |
| Thai Hospital | 35 (9.2) | 0 | 4 (8.0) | 7 (11.3) | 3 (4.1) | 10 (13.0) |
| Myanmar Hospital | 4 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 0 |
| Other¶ | 9 (2.4) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (2.0) | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 2 (2.6) |
| Induction of labour | 23 (6.0) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (6.5) | 4 (5.5) | 4 (5.2) |
| Augmentation of labour | 36 (9.4) | 0 | 5 (10.0) | 5 (8.1) | 9 (12.3) | 6 (7.8) |
| Postpartum haemorrhage | 19 (5.0) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 2 (3.2) | 4 (5.5) | 2 (2.6) |
| Estimated blood loss (mL) | 150 (100–240) | 100 (100–150) | 115 (100–200) | 150 (100–200) | 140 (100–200) | 138 (100–200) |
| Neonatal death | 1 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
One study participant may be represented in multiple subgroups.
Data presented as proportion n (%) or median (IQR).
*Spina bifida (n=2), cleft lip (n=1), Down’s syndrome (n=1), congenital heart disease (n=2).
†28 cases with missing information (eg, home delivery).
‡29 cases with missing information.
§Delivered by other: spontaneous self-delivery (n=2), husband (n=1), village health worker (n=1).
¶Place of delivery other: delivery on the way to the SMRU clinics (n=6), in another clinic (n=3).
EGA, estimated gestational age; GA, gestational age; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HC, head circumference; PTB, preterm birth; SGA, born too small for gestational age; SMRU, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit; TBA, traditional birth attendant.