Table 1

Personal characteristics and associations with psychological and behavioural responses

WuhanShanghaiModerate or severe anxietyIn the past week…
Always wore a face mask when they went outAlways washed hands immediately when they returnedHandwashing duration above 40 sFollowed all recommended and avoidance behaviours
N (%)N (%)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)
Male255 (50.0)255 (48.7)1.0 (0.7 to 1.3)0.6* (0.4 to 0.9)0.5† (0.4 to 0.8)0.7† (0.5 to 0.9)0.8 (0.6 to 1.0)
Age group, years
 18–2489 (21.6)75 (13.9)ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 25–39161 (28.1)176 (33.3)0.6 (0.3 to 1.1)1.6 (0.7 to 3.9)0.7 (0.3 to 1.5)0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)0.6 (0.3 to 1.1)
 40–59197 (35.4)165 (33.7)1.0 (0.6 to 1.9)1.6 (0.6 to 3.9)0.8 (0.4 to 1.9)1.1 (0.6 to 1.8)0.7 (0.4 to 1.3)
 60+63 (15.0)85 (19.1)1.0 (0.5 to 2.1)3.1* (1.1 to 8.9)0.8 (0.3 to 2.0)1.7 (0.9 to 3.3)0.6 (0.3 to 1.2)
Educational attainment
 Junior school and below27 (6.1)38 (11.4)ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 High school equivalent110 (20.9)72 (15.0)1.0 (0.5 to 2.0)0.7 (0.3 to 1.8)0.3* (0.1 to 0.8)1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)1.6 (0.8 to 3.1)
 College equivalent355 (68.9)337 (66.2)1.0 (0.5 to 1.8)1.0 (0.4 to 2.3)0.4 (0.2 to 1.1)1.3 (0.7 to 2.3)0.9 (0.5 to 1.7)
 Graduate and above18 (4.1)54 (7.4)0.5 (0.2 to 1.4)6.4 (0.7 to 56.1)0.8 (0.2 to 3.1)1.2 (0.5 to 2.7)0.8 (0.4 to 2.0)
 Employed362 (66.1)359 (70.3)1.0 (0.6 to 1.5)1.2 (0.7 to 2.2)1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)1.1 (0.8 to 1.7)0.9 (0.6 to 1.4)
 Married383 (71.2)344 (70.4)0.8 (0.5 to 1.2)1.2 (0.7 to 2.2)1.3 (0.7 to 2.3)0.9 (0.6 to 1.3)1.1 (0.7 to 1.8)
Income
 Below median116 (24.1)97 (19.3)ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Median329 (63.4)306 (61.4)0.7 (0.5 to 1.0)1.2 (0.7 to 2.1)1.2 (0.8 to 2.0)1.2 (0.8 to 1.7)1.2 (0.9 to 1.8)
 Above median65 (12.5)98 (19.3)0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)1.0 (0.5 to 2.1)1.4 (0.7 to 2.8)1.3 (0.8 to 2.0)0.8 (0.5 to 1.3)
 Experienced symptoms63 (11.8)51 (10.0)1.2 (0.7 to 1.9)0.8 (0.4 to 1.6)1.0 (0.5 to 1.9)1.3 (0.8 to 2.0)0.6* (0.4 to 1.0)
Friends with symptoms
 No437 (86.5)464 (92.8)ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Yes63 (11.7)36 (7.1)0.7 (0.4 to 1.2)4.0* (1.3 to 12.3)1.4 (0.6 to 3.1)0.9 (0.6 to 1.5)0.8 (0.5 to 1.3)
 Don’t know10 (1.8)1 (0.2)0.3 (0.1 to 2.1)0.3 (0.1 to 2.0)1.1 (0.1 to 14.3)0.4 (0.1 to 1.9)1.3 (0.3 to 4.8)
Suspected cases in neighbourhood
 No261 (51.6)413 (82.8)ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Yes176 (32.5)32 (6.3)1.7† (1.2 to 2.6)1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)0.9 (0.5 to 1.6)0.8 (0.5 to 1.2)0.6* (0.4 to 0.9)
 Don’t know73 (16.0)56 (11.0)1.5 (0.9 to 2.4)1.7 (0.8 to 3.7)1.6 (0.8 to 3.3)0.8 (0.5 to 1.3)1.0 (0.6 to 1.6)
City
 Wuhan--ReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Shanghai--0.6† (0.5 to 0.9)1.1 (0.7 to 1.7)1.5 (1.0 to 2.3)0.8 (0.6 to 1.1)0.4† (0.3 to 0.6)
  • Columns (1) and (2) report counts and frequencies of each variable value. Columns (3)-(7) present multivariable regression results. Poststratification weights were used in prevalence calculation and regressions.

  • *For significance at the 5% level.

  • †For significance at the 1% level.