Baseline characteristics for both sexes according to development of metabolic syndrome
| Men (n=1845) | Women (n=1505) | |||||
| MetS (n=217) | Non-MetS (n=1628) | P value | MetS (n=362) | Non-MetS (n=1143) | P value | |
| Age, year | 59.2±9.1 | 60.3±8.6 | 0.043 | 58.1±8.8 | 56.5±8.2 | 0.005 |
| Married | 198 (91.2) | 1480 (90.9) | 0.872 | 306 (84.5) | 1017 (89.0) | 0.024 |
| Region | <0.001 | 0.829 | ||||
| Rural | 167 (77.0) | 1423 (87.4) | 319 (88.1) | 1012 (88.5) | ||
| Urban | 50 (23.0) | 205 (12.6) | 43 (11.9) | 131 (11.5) | ||
| Education | 0.027 | 0.310 | ||||
| Illiterate | 27 (12.4) | 217 (13.3) | 87 (24.0) | 242 (21.2) | ||
| Primary | 92 (42.4) | 826 (50.7) | 151 (41.7) | 463 (40.5) | ||
| High | 98 (45.2) | 584 (35.9) | 124 (34.3) | 438 (38.3) | ||
| Current smoker | 38 (17.5) | 227 (13.9) | <0.001 | 4 (1.1) | 14 (1.2) | 0.481 |
| Alcohol intake | 16 (7.4) | 193 (11.9) | <0.001 | 16 (4.4) | 62 (5.4) | 0.734 |
| History of disease | ||||||
| Hypertension | 548 (29.7) | 452 (27.8) | <0.001 | 120 (33.1) | 212 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 374 (20.3) | 309 (19.0) | <0.001 | 92 (25.4) | 174 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 168 (9.1) | 146 (9.0) | 0.556 | 24 (6.6) | 60 (5.2) | 0.327 |
| Handgrip strength, kg | 39.1±8.9 | 37.4±8.8 | 0.004 | 26.4±6.5 | 26.4±6.6 | 0.778 |
| Height, cm | 164.7±6.2 | 162.9±7.8 | <0.001 | 152.6±10.4 | 152.7±7.2 | 0.640 |
| Weight, kg | 64.6±8.9 | 57.5±8.5 | <0.001 | 56.0±9.2 | 52.1±9.0 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.7±2.6 | 21.6±2.6 | <0.001 | 23.8±3.3 | 22.2±3.2 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 85.3±13.1 | 80.0±9.6 | <0.001 | 83.3±12.2 | 78.5±12.4 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 132.1±20.9 | 125.4±18.7 | <0.001 | 125.6±24.6 | 120.3±17.6 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 77.6±12.6 | 73.3±11.4 | <0.001 | 73.7±10.7 | 70.7±10.2 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 192.0±34.6 | 184.4±35.3 | 0.002 | 200.6±38.0 | 193.0±34.3 | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 113.5±56.6 | 92.2±44.9 | <0.001 | 104.5±38.6 | 91.7±36.3 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 120.3±32.4 | 111.3±31.8 | <0.001 | 127.9±33.1 | 117.3±29.7 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 49.6±13.0 | 56.2±15.6 | <0.001 | 54.9±12.0 | 60.0±13.2 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 104.5±26.4 | 103.6±26.4 | 0.594 | 102.2±25.1 | 99.6±21.8 | 0.071 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.1±1.0 | 5.1±0.7 | 0.338 | 5.2±0.7 | 5.1±0.8 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean±SD, number (%).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WC, waist circumference.