Incidence of adverse outcomes per 1000 women involved in motor vehicle crashes
| Outcome and study | Number of studies | Number of women | Incidence estimate per 1000 women | 95% CI |
| Maternal | ||||
| Maternal death | 3 | 12 000 | 3.60 | 0.25–10.42 |
| Azar et al,2 2005 | 6.57 | 4.68–8.97 | ||
| Kvarnstrand et al,27 2008 | 6.61 | 3.70–10.88 | ||
| Miller et al,40 2016 | 0.26 | 0.01–1.47 | ||
| Admission to hospital | 2 | 3838 | 17.08 | 13.20–21.46 |
| Vivian-Taylor et al,6 2012 | 8.90 | 5.28–14.03 | ||
| Weiss et al,35 2008 | 29.19 | 21.94–38.0 | ||
| Placenta abruption | 6 | 36 737 | 16.14 | 7.04–28.78 |
| Wolf et al,29 1993 | 8.10 | 5.02–12.36 | ||
| Miller et al,40 2016 | 1.05 | 0.29–2.70 | ||
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 113.40 | 88.80–142.01 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 12.25 | 8.80–16.58 | ||
| Vivian-Taylor et al,6 2012 | 16.32 | 11.26–22.84 | ||
| Vladutiu et al,8 2013 | 7.17 | 6.15–8.31 | ||
| Preterm delivery | 5 | 265 680 | 191.90 | 45.98–405.74 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 316.15 | 278.53–355.65 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 97.37 | 87.53–107.92 | ||
| Vivian-Taylor et al,6 2012 | 83.09 | 71.42–95.98 | ||
| Vladutiu et al,8 2013 | 110.33 | 106.43–114.33 | ||
| Whitehead,39 2013 | 437.00 | 435.00–439.01 | ||
| PROM | 3 | 260 310 | 42.33 | 5.87–109.24 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 22.34 | 11.95–37.89 | ||
| Vladutiu et al,8 2013 | 23.53 | 21.66–25.51 | ||
| Whitehead,39 2013 | 96.00 | 94.81–97.20 | ||
| Labour induction | 2 | 3930 | 276.43 | 262.54290.54 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 223.37 | 190.15–259.42 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 286.14 | 270.87–301.78 | ||
| Caesarean section | 5 | 12 338 | 166.65 | 47.34–339.00 |
| Miller et al,40 2016 | 6.06 | 3.85–9.08 | ||
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 254.30 | 219.38–291.73 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 259.26 | 244.48–274.46 | ||
| Vivian-Taylor et al,6 2012 | 260.14 | 241.13–279.85 | ||
| Wolf et al,29 1993 | 171.68 | 157.35–186.76 | ||
| Offspring | ||||
| Perinatal death | 8 | 47 992 | 6.60 | 3.81–10.12 |
| Kvarnstrand et al,27 2008 | Fetal/neonatal | 17.62 | 12.62–23.92 | |
| Hyde et al,26 2003 | Fetal | 5.01 | 3.66–6.70 | |
| Miller et al,40 2016 | Stillbirth | 0.79 | 0.16–2.31 | |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | Fetal | 12.03 | 4.85–24.62 | |
| Vivian-Taylor et al,6 2012 | Stillbirth | 16.82 | 11.67–23.42 | |
| Vladutiu et al,8 2013 | Stillbirth | 5.25 | 4.38–6.23 | |
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | Fetal | 4.18 | 2.29–7.01 | |
| Wolf et al,29 1993 | Fetal | 3.47 | 1.59–6.58 | |
| Fetal distress | 2 | 3930 | 60.09 | 52.85–67.77 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 132.30 | 105.84–162.56 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 50.48 | 43.31–58.44 | ||
| Meconium at delivery | 2 | 3930 | 52.61 | 45.82–59.85 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 63.57 | 45.15–86.57 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 51.08 | 43.86–59.08 | ||
| RDS | 3 | 6522 | 15.19 | 5.83–28.68 |
| Schiff and Holt,28 2005 | 32.65 | 19.77–50.51 | ||
| Schiff et al,36 2010 | 14.64 | 10.85–19.30 | ||
| Wolf et al,29 1993 | 6.17 | 3.53–10.00 | ||
Data source: population database
PROM, premature rupture of membranes; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome.